Mammals receive light information through the eyes, which perform two major functions: image forming vision to see objects and non-image forming adaptation of physiology and behavior to light. Cone and rod photoreceptors form images and send the information via retinal ganglion cells to the brain for image reconstruction. In contrast, nonimage-forming photoresponses vary widely from adjustment of pupil diameter to adaptation of the circadian clock. nonimage-forming responses are mediated by retinal ganglion cells expressing the photopigment melanopsin. Melanopsin-expressing cells constitute 1–2% of retinal ganglion cells in the adult mammalian retina, are intrinsically photosensitive, and integrate photic information from rods and cones to control nonimage-forming adaptation. Action spectra of ipRGCs and of melanopsin photopigment peak around 480 nm blue light. Understanding melanopsin function lets us recognize considerable physiological effects of blue light, which is increasingly important in our modern society that uses light-emitting diode. Misalignment of circadian rhythmicity is observed in numerous conditions, including aging, and is thought to be involved in the development of age-related disorders, such as depression, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cancer. The appropriate regulation of circadian rhythmicity by proper lighting is therefore essential. This perspective introduces the potential risks of excessive blue light for human health through circadian rhythm disruption and sleep deprivation. Knowing the positive and negative aspects, this study claims the importance of being exposed to light at optimal times and intensities during the day, based on the concept of the circadian clock, ultimately to improve quality of life to have a healthy and longer life.

哺乳动物通过眼睛接收光信息，眼睛执行两个主要功能：成像视觉以看到物体，以及生理和行为对光的非成像适应。视锥细胞和视杆细胞形成图像并通过视网膜神经节细胞将信息发送到大脑进行图像重建。相比之下，非成像光响应变化很大，从调整瞳孔直径到适应生物钟。非成像反应由表达光色素黑视蛋白的视网膜神经节细胞介导。表达黑视蛋白的细胞占成年哺乳动物视网膜中视网膜神经节细胞的 1-2%，具有内在的感光性，并整合来自视杆和视锥细胞的光信息以控制非成像适应。ipRGCs 和黑视素光色素峰值在 480 nm 蓝光附近的作用光谱。了解黑视蛋白功能让我们认识到蓝光的相当大的生理效应，这在我们使用发光二极管的现代社会中变得越来越重要。在包括衰老在内的许多情况下都观察到昼夜节律失调，并且被认为与年龄相关疾病的发展有关，例如抑郁症、糖尿病、高血压、肥胖和癌症。因此，通过适当的照明适当调节昼夜节律是必不可少的。这一观点通过昼夜节律破坏和睡眠剥夺介绍了过量蓝光对人类健康的潜在风险。了解正面和负面的方面，