Viral infections remain one of the most frequent complications in patients with hematological malignancies, especially in those receiving an allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Viral infections result from reactivation of latent infection rather than from acquisition of new infection. Infections caused by herpes viruses, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, respiratory viruses and hepatitis B virus are frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised host. Major advances have been made primarily by the availability of rapid diagnostic tests and the introduction of potent antiviral compounds into clinical practice.

病毒感染仍然是血液系统恶性肿瘤患者最常见的并发症之一，尤其是在接受异基因干细胞移植的患者中。病毒感染是由于潜伏感染的再激活而不是新感染的获得。由疱疹病毒引起的感染，包括巨细胞病毒和 Epstein-Barr 病毒、呼吸道病毒和乙型肝炎病毒，通常与免疫功能低下的宿主的高发病率和死亡率有关。主要通过快速诊断测试的可用性和将有效的抗病毒化合物引入临床实践而取得了重大进展。