Bacterial infection is a very common complication in hematological neutropenic patients whose treatment is extremely challenging for several reasons. First, they are frequently caused by resistant pathogens (multidrug resistant (MDR)), and this may limit the availability of effective therapeutic weapons. Second, these patients often present peculiar pathophysiological conditions that may alter the pharmacokinetic behavior of antimicrobials, and this may explain the need for a new administration schedule and new dosing regimens of antibiotics in this setting. In an era in which there are only few new therapeutic weapons for the treatment of MDR bacterial infections, while advocating for new drugs, what could be effectively done nowadays is to increase the knowledge on appropriateness of the use of currently available drugs to improve clinical outcome and to preserve their activity.

细菌感染是血液中性粒细胞减少患者中非常常见的并发症，其治疗由于多种原因极具挑战性。首先，它们通常是由耐药病原体（耐多药（MDR））引起的，这可能会限制有效治疗武器的可用性。其次，这些患者经常表现出特殊的病理生理状况，可能会改变抗菌药物的药代动力学行为，这可能解释了在这种情况下需要新的抗生素给药方案和新的抗生素给药方案。在这个治疗耐多药细菌感染的新治疗武器寥寥无几的时代，在提倡新药的同时，