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Enamel biomimetics—fiction or future of dentistry
International Journal of Oral Science ( IF 14.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-05 , DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0038-6
Mirali Pandya , Thomas G. H. Diekwisch

Tooth enamel is a complex mineralized tissue consisting of long and parallel apatite crystals configured into decussating enamel rods. In recent years, multiple approaches have been introduced to generate or regenerate this highly attractive biomaterial characterized by great mechanical strength paired with relative resilience and tissue compatibility. In the present review, we discuss five pathways toward enamel tissue engineering, (i) enamel synthesis using physico-chemical means, (ii) protein matrix-guided enamel crystal growth, (iii) enamel surface remineralization, (iv) cell-based enamel engineering, and (v) biological enamel regeneration based on de novo induction of tooth morphogenesis. So far, physical synthesis approaches using extreme environmental conditions such as pH, heat and pressure have resulted in the formation of enamel-like crystal assemblies. Biochemical methods relying on enamel proteins as templating matrices have aided the growth of elongated calcium phosphate crystals. To illustrate the validity of this biochemical approach we have successfully grown enamel-like apatite crystals organized into decussating enamel rods using an organic enamel protein matrix. Other studies reviewed here have employed amelogenin-derived peptides or self-assembling dendrimers to re-mineralize mineral-depleted white lesions on tooth surfaces. So far, cell-based enamel tissue engineering has been hampered by the limitations of presently existing ameloblast cell lines. Going forward, these limitations may be overcome by new cell culture technologies. Finally, whole-tooth regeneration through reactivation of the signaling pathways triggered during natural enamel development represents a biological avenue toward faithful enamel regeneration. In the present review we have summarized the state of the art in enamel tissue engineering and provided novel insights into future opportunities to regenerate this arguably most fascinating of all dental tissues.



中文翻译:

搪瓷仿生品—牙科的虚构或未来

牙釉质是由长而平行的磷灰石晶体组成的复杂矿化组织,这些晶体被构造成可弯曲的牙釉质棒。近年来,已经引入了多种方法来产生或再生这种具有高度机械强度,相对弹性和组织相容性的生物材料。在本文中,我们讨论了搪瓷组织工程的五种途径,(i)使用物理化学方法合成搪瓷,(ii)蛋白质基质引导的搪瓷晶体生长,(iii)搪瓷表面再矿化,(iv)基于细胞的搪瓷(v)基于从头诱导牙齿形态发生的生物搪瓷再生。到目前为止,使用极端环境条件(例如pH值,热量和压力导致形成搪瓷状晶体组件。依靠搪瓷蛋白作为模板基质的生化方法有助于延长磷酸钙晶体的生长。为了说明这种生化方法的有效性,我们使用有机搪瓷蛋白基质成功地将搪瓷样磷灰石晶体组织成可折叠的搪瓷棒。本文回顾的其他研究已使用牙釉蛋白衍生肽或自组装树状聚合物来重新矿化牙齿表面缺矿的白色病灶。到目前为止,基于细胞的釉质组织工程已经受到目前存在的成釉细胞系的局限性的阻碍。展望未来,这些局限性可能会被新的细胞培养技术所克服。最后,通过天然牙釉质发育过程中触发的信号传导通路的重新激活,全齿再生代表了忠实牙釉质再生的生物学途径。在本综述中,我们总结了牙釉质组织工程技术的最新发展,并提供了对未来机会的新颖见解,这些机会可以再生所有可以说是最令人着迷的所有牙齿组织。

更新日期:2019-01-05
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