The striatum as the main entry nucleus of the basal ganglia is long known to be critical for motor control. It integrates information from multiple cortical areas, thalamic and midbrain nuclei to refine and control motion. By tackling this incredible variety of input signals, increasing evidences showed a pivotal role, particularly of the dorsal striatum, in executive functions. The complexity of the dorsal striatum (DS) in its compartmentalization and in the nature and origin of its afferent connections, makes it a critical hub controlling dynamics of motor learning and behavioral or cognitive flexibility. The present review summarizes findings from recent studies that utilize optogenetics with complementary technologies including electrophysiology, activity imaging and tracing methods in rodents to elucidate the functioning and role of discrete regions and specific pathways of the DS in behavioral flexibility, with an emphasis on the processes leading to initial action sequence or serial order learning and reversal learning.

中文翻译：

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探戈需要两个步骤：运动学习和行为灵活性的背侧直接和间接途径编排。

长期以来，纹状体是基底神经节的主要进入细胞核，对运动控制至关重要。它整合了来自多个皮质区域，丘脑和中脑核的信息，以改善和控制运动。通过处理这些令人难以置信的输入信号，越来越多的证据显示了执行功能中的关键作用，尤其是背侧纹状体。背侧纹状体（DS）的分隔性及其传入连接的性质和起源的复杂性，使其成为控制运动学习动态和行为或认知灵活性的关键枢纽。本综述总结了最近的研究成果，这些研究利用光遗传学和包括电生理学在内的补充技术，