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Plant-hummingbird interaction networks in urban areas: Generalization and the importance of trees with specialized flowers as a nectar resource for pollinator conservation
Biological Conservation ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.12.012
Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama , Camila Bonizário , Amanda Perin Marcon , Giulia D'Angelo , Monique Maianne da Silva , Edvaldo Nunes da Silva Neto , Paulo Eugênio Oliveira , Ivan Sazima , Marlies Sazima , Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni , Luiz dos Anjos , Ana M. Rui , Oswaldo Marçal Júnior

Abstract Cities harbour considerable biodiversity and there has been an increased concern about the conservation of pollinators in urban environments. Here, we evaluated how urbanization affects plant-hummingbird interactions at two spatial scales. First, in a medium-sized city from southeastern Brazil (>600,000 inhabitants), we contrasted interaction networks from urban and natural areas, and used artificial nectar feeder stations to evaluate changes in the composition of hummingbird assemblages across an urbanization gradient. Second, we compiled data on six urban plant-hummingbird interaction networks from south and southeastern Brazil to identify the characteristics associated with the most important plants. Locally, urbanization affected hummingbird communities by promoting higher generalization and dominance by more aggressive hummingbirds. Notably, specialized long-billed hermits were absent both in the urban interaction network and at feeder stations from more urbanized areas. Across networks, trees were more important for hummingbirds than shrubs/herbs as were specialized ornithophilous flowers in relation to non-ornithophilous flowers. Plant origin (native or exotic) did not matter. Our results indicate that urban plant-hummingbird communities are organized differently than their counterparts from natural areas, which usually feature key hermits and few trees. Since hermits provide important pollination services, especially for specialized ornithophilous plants, initiatives such as green corridors and preference for native plants with specialized hummingbird-pollinated flowers in urban landscaping may contribute to community restoration and ecosystem functioning.

中文翻译:

城市地区的植物 - 蜂鸟相互作用网络:具有特殊花卉的树木作为传粉媒介保护花蜜资源的概括和重要性

摘要 城市拥有相当多的生物多样性,人们越来越关注城市环境中传粉媒介的保护。在这里,我们评估了城市化如何在两个空间尺度上影响植物与蜂鸟的相互作用。首先,在巴西东南部的一个中等城市(> 600,000 居民),我们对比了城市和自然区域的交互网络,并使用人工花蜜喂食站来评估蜂鸟组合在城市化梯度上的组成变化。其次,我们汇编了来自巴西南部和东南部的六个城市植物-蜂鸟相互作用网络的数据,以确定与最重要植物相关的特征。在当地,城市化通过促进更具侵略性的蜂鸟的高度概括和支配地位来影响蜂鸟社区。值得注意的是,城市互动网络和更多城市化地区的支线站都没有专门的长嘴隐士。在整个网络中,树木对蜂鸟来说比灌木/草本更重要,因为与非亲鸟花相关的专门的亲鸟花也是如此。植物来源(本地或外来的)并不重要。我们的研究结果表明,城市植物蜂鸟群落的组织方式与自然区域中的同类群不同,后者通常以关键隐士和少量树木为特色。由于隐士提供重要的授粉服务,特别是对特殊的亲鸟植物,
更新日期:2019-02-01
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