Abstract Lithium-ion cells currently power almost all electronic devices and power tools; they are a key enabling technology for electric vehicles and are increasingly considered to be the technology of choice for grid storage. In line with this increased applicability, there is also an increase in the development of new commercial lithium-ion cell technologies that incorporate innovative functional components (electrode material compositions and electrolyte formulations) and designs, leading to a diverse range of performance characteristics. The uniqueness of each technology in-turn gives rise to unique evolutions of cell performance as the cell degrades because of usage. Non-destructively measuring and subsequently tracking the evolution of lithium-ion cell characteristics is valuable for both industrial engineers and academic researchers. To proceed in this regard, stakeholders have often devised their own procedures for characterising lithium-ion cells, typically without considering unification, comparability or compatibility. This makes the comparison of technologies complicated. This comprehensive review for the first time has analysed and discusses the various international standards and regulations for the characterisation and electrical testing of lithium-ion cells, specifically for high-power automotive and grid applications.

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商业锂离子电池非侵入性表征方法的比较

摘要 锂离子电池目前为几乎所有电子设备和电动工具供电。它们是电动汽车的关键使能技术，并且越来越多地被认为是电网存储的首选技术。与这种增加的适用性相一致，新的商业锂离子电池技术的开发也有所增加，这些技术结合了创新的功能组件（电极材料成分和电解质配方）和设计，从而产生了多样化的性能特征。随着电池因使用而退化，每种技术的独特性反过来又会导致电池性能的独特演变。对工业工程师和学术研究人员而言，无损测量并随后跟踪锂离子电池特性的演变都很有价值。在这方面，利益相关者经常设计自己的表征锂离子电池的程序，通常不考虑统一性、可比性或兼容性。这使得技术的比较变得复杂。这篇综合评论首次分析和讨论了锂离子电池特性和电气测试的各种国际标准和法规，特别是针对大功率汽车和电网应用。