Abstract Understanding how species richness is distributed across landscapes and which variables may be used as predictors is important for spatially targeting management interventions. This study uses finely resolved data over a large geographical area to explore relationships between land-use intensity, habitat heterogeneity and species richness of multiple taxa. It aims to identify surrogate landscape metrics, valid for a range of taxa, which can be used to map and monitor High Nature Value farmland (HNV). Results show that variation in species richness is distributed along two axes: land-use intensity and habitat heterogeneity. At low intensity land-use, species rich groups include wetland plants, plant habitat indicators, upland birds and rare invertebrates, whilst richness of other species groups (farmland birds, butterflies, bees) was associated with higher land-use intensity. Habitat heterogeneity (broadleaved woodland connectivity, hedgerows, habitat diversity) was positively related to species richness of many taxa, both generalists (plants, butterflies, bees) and specialists (rare birds, woodland birds, plants, butterflies). The results were used to create maps of HNV farmland. The proportion of semi-natural vegetation is a useful metric for identifying HNV type 1. HNV type 2 (defined as a mosaic of low-intensity habitats and structural elements) is more difficult to predict from surrogate variables, due to complex relationships between biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity and inadequacies of current remotely sensed data. This approach, using fine-scaled field survey data collected at regular intervals, in conjunction with remotely sensed data offers potential for extrapolating modelled results nationally, and importantly, can be used to assess change over time.

中文翻译：

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探索土地利用强度、栖息地异质性和生物多样性之间的关系，以识别和监测高自然价值农业区域

摘要 了解物种丰富度如何在景观中分布以及哪些变量可用作预测因子对于空间目标管理干预非常重要。本研究使用大地理区域的精细解析数据来探索土地利用强度、栖息地异质性和多种分类群的物种丰富度之间的关系。它旨在确定对一系列分类群有效的替代景观指标，可用于绘制和监测高自然价值农田 (HNV)。结果表明，物种丰富度的变化沿两个轴分布：土地利用强度和栖息地异质性。在低强度土地利用中，物种丰富的群体包括湿地植物、植物栖息地指标、高地鸟类和稀有无脊椎动物，而其他物种群体（农田鸟类、蝴蝶、蜜蜂）与较高的土地利用强度有关。栖息地异质性（阔叶林地连通性、树篱、栖息地多样性）与许多类群的物种丰富度呈正相关，包括通才（植物、蝴蝶、蜜蜂）和专家（稀有鸟类、林地鸟类、植物、蝴蝶）。结果用于创建 HNV 农田地图。半自然植被的比例是识别 HNV 类型 1 的有用指标。 由于生物多样性和生物多样性之间的复杂关系，HNV 类型 2（定义为低强度栖息地和结构元素的镶嵌）更难从替代变量进行预测。当前遥感数据的栖息地异质性和不足。这种方法使用定期收集的细尺度实地调查数据，