Abstract Forest stony soils have rock fragments and many macropores, the latter arising mainly from the activity of soil fauna and plant root decay. We still lack knowledge about the hydraulic properties of this type of soil, especially when considering the influence of both factors – rock fragments and macropores – on the saturated hydraulic conductivity. This research aims to supplement the method we proposed before to test the hydraulic conductivity of undisturbed soil samples (Ilek and Kucza, 2014; Kucza and Ilek, 2016). We propose to enhance the method by taking into account the impact of rock fragments and macropores on the hydraulic conductivity of forest stony soils, particularly on the hydraulic conductivity of the medium conducting water in the soil, that is, soil matrix. We studied, using artificial samples, how rock fragments influence hydraulic conductivity. To test the enhanced method, we used 33 undisturbed samples taken from the top layers (0–12 cm) of forest stony soils. The results show that rock fragments in the soil can both increase and decrease the infiltration of water by the soil matrix. Rock fragments with diameters close to 20 mm had the least influence on water infiltration. Soil macropores in the samples always increased water infiltration. Empty macropores increased it from two to twenty-four times while filled macropores from three to five times. Our method gives the opportunity to study the hydraulic conductivity of macropores and their physical and chemical properties.

中文翻译：

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使用未受干扰的土壤样品研究岩石碎片和土壤大孔隙如何影响森林石质土壤的导水率：一些方法论方面

摘要 森林石质土壤中含有大量岩石碎片和许多大孔隙，后者主要由土壤动物活动和植物根系腐烂引起。我们仍然缺乏关于此类土壤的水力特性的知识，尤其是在考虑到岩石碎片和大孔隙这两个因素对饱和导水率的影响时。本研究旨在补充我们之前提出的测试未受干扰土壤样品的水力传导率的方法（Ilek 和 Kucza，2014；Kucza 和 Ilek，2016）。我们建议通过考虑岩石碎片和大孔隙对森林石质土壤导水率的影响，特别是对土壤中介质传导水，即土壤基质的导水率的影响来增强该方法。我们研究了，使用人工样本，岩石碎片如何影响水力传导率。为了测试增强方法，我们使用了取自森林石质土壤顶层（0-12 厘米）的 33 个未受干扰的样品。结果表明，土壤中的岩石碎片既可以增加也可以减少土壤基质对水的渗透。直径接近 20 mm 的岩石碎片对水渗透的影响最小。样品中的土壤大孔总是增加水的渗透。空大孔将其从 2 倍增加到 24 倍，而填充大孔则从 3 倍增加到 5 倍。我们的方法为研究大孔隙的水力传导率及其物理和化学特性提供了机会。结果表明，土壤中的岩石碎片既可以增加也可以减少土壤基质对水的渗透。直径接近 20 mm 的岩石碎片对水渗透的影响最小。样品中的土壤大孔总是增加水的渗透。空大孔将其从 2 倍增加到 24 倍，而填充大孔则从 3 倍增加到 5 倍。我们的方法为研究大孔隙的水力传导率及其物理和化学特性提供了机会。结果表明，土壤中的岩石碎片既可以增加也可以减少土壤基质对水的渗透。直径接近 20 mm 的岩石碎片对水渗透的影响最小。样品中的土壤大孔总是增加水分渗透。空大孔将其从 2 倍增加到 24 倍，而填充大孔则从 3 倍增加到 5 倍。我们的方法为研究大孔隙的水力传导率及其物理和化学特性提供了机会。空大孔将其从 2 倍增加到 24 倍，而填充大孔则从 3 倍增加到 5 倍。我们的方法为研究大孔隙的水力传导率及其物理和化学特性提供了机会。空大孔将其从 2 倍增加到 24 倍，而填充大孔则从 3 倍增加到 5 倍。我们的方法为研究大孔隙的水力传导率及其物理和化学特性提供了机会。