A wide variety of organs are in a dynamic state, continuously undergoing renewal as a result of constant growth and differentiation. Stem cells are required during these dynamic events for continuous tissue maintenance within the organs. In a steady state of production and loss of cells within these tissues, new cells are constantly formed by differentiation from stem cells. Today, organoids derived from either adult stem cells or pluripotent stem cells can be grown to resemble various organs. As they are similar to their original organs, organoids hold great promise for use in medical research and the development of new treatments. Furthermore, they have already been utilized in the clinic, enabling personalized medicine for inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, I provide an update on current organoid technology and summarize the application of organoids in basic research, disease modeling, drug development, personalized treatment, and regenerative medicine.

中文翻译：

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用于药物发现和个性化医学的类器官。

各种各样的器官处于动态状态，由于不断的生长和分化而不断地进行更新。在这些动态事件期间，需要干细胞来维持器官内的连续组织。在这些组织内的细胞稳定生产和丢失的状态下，新细胞通过与干细胞的分化不断形成。如今，源自成体干细胞或多能干细胞的类器官可以生长成类似于各种器官的器官。由于类器官与原始器官相似，因此有望用于医学研究和新疗法的开发。此外，它们已经在临床中得到使用，可以用于炎症性肠病的个性化治疗。在这篇评论中，