BACKGROUND Evidence suggests the pivotal contribution of nutrition as a modifiable risk factor for sarcopenia. The present cross-sectional study characterized the nutritional and metabolic profile of sarcopenia through an extensive exploration of a wide array of blood biomarkers related to muscle protein metabolism and transcriptomic signatures in community-dwelling elderly adults. METHODS Among 189 older individuals with a mean age of 73.2 years, sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria based on appendicular lean mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, muscle strength, and gait speed. Nutritional status was evaluated using the mini-nutritional assessment (MNA). In addition, we assessed specific blood biomarkers of nutritional status (plasma essential amino acids [EAAs], vitamins), nicotine-derived metabolites, and an extensive microarray analysis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS Malnutrition defined by low MNA score was independently associated with sarcopenia (p < .001). Sarcopenic elderly showed lower body mass index and leptin and higher adiponectin and high-density lipoproteins. Levels of EAAs including lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, as well as branched-chain AAs and choline, were inversely associated with sarcopenia. Furthermore, nicotine metabolites (cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotine) and vitamin B6 status were linked to one or more clinical and functional measures of sarcopenia. Differentially expressed genes and ingenuity pathway analysis supported the association of nutrition with sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS Herein, the characterization of a nutritional and metabolic signature of sarcopenia provides a firm basis and potential identification of specific targets and directions for the nutritional approach to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in aging populations.

中文翻译：

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社区居民老年人的肌肉减少症的系统和代谢特征。

背景技术有证据表明营养作为肌肉减少症的一种可改变的危险因素，具有举足轻重的作用。本项横断面研究通过广泛探索与社区居民中老年人肌肉蛋白代谢和转录组特征相关的多种血液生物标志物，来描述少肌症的营养和代谢特征。方法在189例平均年龄为73.2岁的老年人中，根据亚裔肌肉减少症工作组的标准，通过双能量X射线骨密度仪扫描，肌肉力量和步态速度测量的阑尾瘦体重，诊断出肌肉减少症。营养状况使用微型营养评估（MNA）进行评估。此外，我们评估了营养状况的特定血液生物标志物（血浆必需氨基酸[EAAs]，维生素），尼古丁衍生的代谢物，以及来自外周血单核细胞的大量微阵列分析。结果低MNA评分定义的营养不良与肌肉减少症有独立相关性（p <.001）。肌肉减少症的老年人表现出较低的体重指数和瘦素，而脂联素和高密度脂蛋白则更高。包括赖氨酸，蛋氨酸，苯丙氨酸，苏氨酸以及支链氨基酸和胆碱在内的EAAs水平与肌肉减少症呈负相关。此外，尼古丁代谢产物（可卡因和反式3'-羟基古丁）和维生素B6的状态与肌肉减少症的一项或多项临床和功能指标有关。差异表达的基因和独创性途径分析支持营养与肌肉减少症的关联。结论在这里，