Avoidance is generally adaptive, yet excessive rates of avoidance can become maladaptive and lead to functional impairment and psychopathology. Laboratory-based treatment research has provided important insights about the acquisition, maintenance, and extinction of maladaptive avoidance. Despite this, laboratory research on avoidance learning and extinction in humans is relatively underdeveloped. A better understanding of avoidance extinction methods has implications for basic research with humans and the development of treatment interventions aimed at replacing maladaptive behavior with an adaptive, functional repertoire. The present article reviews, for the first time, the use of the term extinction in human research on avoidance, contrasts existing Pavlovian and operant approaches to the extinction of avoidance, considers the validity of approaches to avoidance extinction, and suggests a consistent terminology and research gaps for future translational research on anxiety and related disorders.

规避通常是适应性的，但是过高的规避率会导致适应不良，并导致功能障碍和心理病理。基于实验室的治疗研究提供了关于不良适应症的获得，维持和灭绝的重要见解。尽管如此，关于人类回避学习和灭绝的实验室研究仍相对欠发达。对避免灭绝方法的更好理解对人类的基础研究以及旨在用适应性功能性功能表取代适应不良行为的治疗干预措施的发展具有重要意义。本文首次回顾了“灭绝”一词的使用 在人类对回避的研究中，对比了现有的帕夫洛夫式和操作性对回避的研究方法，考虑了回绝的方法的有效性，并为今后对焦虑症和相关疾病的转化研究提出了一致的术语和研究空白。