Motor development and psychological development are fundamentally related, but researchers typically consider them separately. In this review, we present four key features of infant motor development and show that motor skill acquisition both requires and reflects basic psychological functions. ( a) Motor development is embodied: Opportunities for action depend on the current status of the body. ( b) Motor development is embedded: Variations in the environment create and constrain possibilities for action. ( c) Motor development is enculturated: Social and cultural influences shape motor behaviors. ( d) Motor development is enabling: New motor skills create new opportunities for exploration and learning that instigate cascades of development across diverse psychological domains. For each of these key features, we show that changes in infants' bodies, environments, and experiences entail behavioral flexibility and are thus essential to psychology. Moreover, we suggest that motor development is an ideal model system for the study of psychological development.

中文翻译：

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运动发展：具体化、嵌入式、文化化和赋能。

运动发育和心理发育从根本上来说是相关的，但研究人员通常将它们分开考虑。在这篇综述中，我们提出了婴儿运动发育的四个关键特征，并表明运动技能的获得既需要又反映了基本的心理功能。(a) 运动发展体现为：行动的机会取决于身体当前的状态。(b) 运动发展是嵌入的：环境的变化创造和限制行动的可能性。(c) 运动发展是文化化的：社会和文化影响塑造运动行为。(d) 运动发展是有利的：新的运动技能为探索和学习创造了新的机会，从而促进了不同心理领域的级联发展。对于这些关键特征中的每一个，我们表明婴儿身体、环境和经历的变化需要行为灵活性，因此对心理学至关重要。此外，我们认为运动发展是研究心理发展的理想模型系统。