l-Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, with postsynaptic responses to its release predominantly mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). A critical component of synaptic plasticity involves changes in the number of responding postsynaptic receptors, which are dynamically recruited to and anchored at postsynaptic sites. Emerging findings continue to shed new light on molecular mechanisms that mediate AMPAR postsynaptic trafficking and localization. Accordingly, unconventional secretory trafficking of AMPARs occurs in dendrites, from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the ER-Golgi intermediary compartment directly to recycling endosomes, independent of the Golgi apparatus. Upon exocytosis, AMPARs diffuse in the plasma membrane to reach the postsynaptic site, where they are trapped to contribute to transmission. This trapping occurs through a combination of both intracellular interactions, such as TARP (transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein) binding to α-actinin-stabilized PSD-95, and extracellular interactions through the receptor amino-terminal domain. These anchoring mechanisms may facilitate precise receptor positioning with respect to glutamate release sites to enable efficient synaptic transmission.

中文翻译：

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AMPA 型谷氨酸受体的突触后定位机制及其在长时程增强过程中的调控。

l-谷氨酸是大脑中主要的兴奋性神经递质，对其释放的突触后反应主要由 AMPA 型谷氨酸受体 (AMPAR) 介导。突触可塑性的一个关键组成部分涉及响应突触后受体数量的变化，这些受体被动态招募并锚定在突触后位点。新发现继续揭示介导 AMPAR 突触后运输和定位的分子机制。因此，AMPARs 的非常规分泌运输发生在树突中，从内质网 (ER) 通过 ER-高尔基体中间室直接到循环核内体，独立于高尔基体。在胞吐作用下，AMPAR 在质膜中扩散以到达突触后位点，他们被困在那里有助于传播。这种捕获是通过细胞内相互作用的组合发生的，例如 TARP（跨膜 AMPAR 调节蛋白）与 α-辅肌动蛋白稳定的 PSD-95 结合，以及通过受体氨基末端结构域的细胞外相互作用。这些锚定机制可以促进相对于谷氨酸释放位点的精确受体定位，以实现有效的突触传递。