Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The characteristic feature of PD is the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). DAergic neurons in the SN accumulate black and insoluble membrane structures known as neuromelanin during aging. The oxidation of dopamine (DA) to form neuromelanin generates many o-quinones, including DA o-quinones, aminochrome, and 5,6-indolequinone. The focus of this review is to discuss the role of DA oxidation in association with PD. The oxidation of DA produces oxidative products, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein degradation, α-synuclein aggregation into neurotoxic oligomers, and oxidative stress, in vitro. Recent studies have demonstrated that the DA content is critical for both DJ-1 knockout and A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice to develop PD pathological features, providing evidence for DA action in PD pathogenesis in vivo. The effects of L-DOPA, as the most effective anti-PD drug, are also briefly discussed.

中文翻译：

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多巴胺氧化对多巴胺能神经变性的影响。

帕金森氏病（PD）是第二常见的神经退行性疾病。PD的特征是黑质（SN）中多巴胺能（DAergic）神经元的逐步退化。SN中的DAergic神经元在衰老过程中积累黑色和不可溶的膜结构，称为神经黑色素。多巴胺（DA）的氧化形成神经黑色素会生成许多邻醌，包括DA邻醌，氨基色素和5,6-吲哚醌。这篇综述的重点是讨论DA氧化与PD结合的作用。在体外，DA的氧化会产生氧化产物，从而导致线粒体功能障碍，蛋白质降解受损，α-突触核蛋白聚集成神经毒性低聚物以及氧化应激。最近的研究表明，DA含量对于DJ-1基因敲除小鼠和A53Tα-突触核蛋白转基因小鼠发展PD病理特征均至关重要，为DA在体内PD发病机理中的作用提供了证据。还简要讨论了L-DOPA作为最有效的抗PD药物的作用。