Background

Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disorder with the risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications. High glucose-induced derangements in metabolic pathways are primarily associated with the initiation and progression of secondary complications namely, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target to treat various metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus. It is a master metabolic regulator that helps in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis by promoting ATP-generating catabolic pathways and inhibiting ATP-consuming anabolic pathways. Numerous pharmacological and plant-derived bioactive compounds that increase AMP-activated protein kinase activation has shown beneficial effects by mitigating secondary complications namely retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.

Purpose

The purpose of this review is to highlight current knowledge on the role of AMPK and its activators from plant origin in diabetic microvascular complications.

Methods

Search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science are used to extract papers using relevant key words. Papers mainly focusing on the role of AMPK and AMPK activators from plant origin in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy was chosen to be highlighted.

Results

According to results, decrease in AMPK activation during diabetes play a causative role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. Some of the plant-derived bioactive compounds were beneficial in restoring AMPK activity and ameliorating diabetic microvascular complications.

Conclusion

AMPK activators from plant origin are beneficial in mitigating diabetic microvascular complications. These pieces of evidence will be helpful in the development of AMPK-centric therapies to mitigate diabetic microvascular complications.

中文翻译：

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AMPK在糖尿病微血管并发症中的作用以及植物中AMPK激活剂的有益作用。

背景

糖尿病是一种多因素疾病，存在微血管和大血管并发症的风险。高糖诱导的代谢途径紊乱主要与继发性并发症（糖尿病性肾病，神经病和视网膜病）的发生和发展有关。腺苷单磷酸激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）已成为治疗包括糖尿病在内的各种代谢性疾病的有吸引力的治疗靶标。它是主要的代谢调节剂，可通过促进产生ATP的分解代谢途径和抑制消耗ATP的合成代谢途径来帮助维持细胞能量的稳态。

目的

这篇综述的目的是强调有关植物来源的AMPK及其激活剂在糖尿病微血管并发症中的作用的当前知识。

方法

搜索引擎（例如Google Scholar，PubMed，Science Direct和Web of Science）用于使用相关关键字提取论文。选择了主要侧重于植物来源的AMPK和AMPK激活剂在糖尿病性肾病，视网膜病和神经病中作用的论文作为重点。

结果

根据结果​​，糖尿病期间AMPK激活的降低在糖尿病微血管并发症的发病机理中起着致病作用。一些植物来源的生物活性化合物在恢复AMPK活性和减轻糖尿病微血管并发症方面是有益的。

结论

来自植物的AMPK激活剂在减轻糖尿病微血管并发症方面是有益的。这些证据将有助于开发以AMPK为中心的缓解糖尿病微血管并发症的疗法。