A water-soluble polysaccharide (BP-1) was extracted and purified from highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and its average molecular weight was about 6.7 × 10⁴ Da. In this study, the immunomodulatory activity of BP-1 on the immunosuppressive BALB/c mice model and its molecular mechanism were elucidated. It was found that the weight indexes of spleen and thymus were significantly increased by BP-1 (80 mg kg⁻¹ and 160 mg kg⁻¹) treatment in the immunosuppressive mice model. The results showed that BP-1 (80 mg kg⁻¹ and 160 mg kg⁻¹) could significantly increase the number of bone marrow cells (BMC) and peripheral blood white blood cells (WBC) in the immunosuppressive mice model. In addition, the result further confirmed that BP-1 could increase the serum levels of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ, so as to improve the immune function of immunosuppressive mice. The results showed that BP-1 (80 mg kg⁻¹ and 160 mg kg⁻¹) could promote the proliferation of spleen cells and the natural killer (NK) cell activity in vivo. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and ELISA results revealed that BP-1 (80 mg kg⁻¹ and 160 mg kg⁻¹) could enhance the production of IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgG and IgM in the spleen of immunosuppressive mice. The HE (hematoxylin and eosin) stained histopathological images showed that BP-1 (80 mg kg⁻¹ and 160 mg kg⁻¹) could repair the damage induced by CTX in the spleen cells of immunosuppressive mice. The result of macrophages showed that BP-1 (80 mg kg⁻¹ and 160 mg kg⁻¹) could promote the proliferation and phagocytosis activity of macrophages in immunosuppressive mice. Furthermore, BP-1 could activate macrophages by the TLR-4, TRAF6, TAK1 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 pathways in vivo. These results suggested that BP-1 has a remarkable immunomodulatory activity on the immunosuppressive mice model.

中文翻译：

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从高地大麦获得的水溶性多糖对免疫抑制小鼠模型的免疫调节活性

从高地大麦（大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.））提取并纯化水溶性多糖（BP-1），其平均分子量约为6.7×10 ⁴ Da。在这项研究中，阐明了BP-1对免疫抑制BALB / c小鼠模型的免疫调节活性及其分子机制。发现在免疫抑制小鼠模型中，通过BP-1（80 mg kg ^-1和160 mg kg ^-1）处理，脾脏和胸腺的重量指数显着增加。结果显示BP-1（80 mg kg ^-1和160 mg kg ^-1）可显着增加免疫抑制小鼠模型中骨髓细胞（BMC）和外周血白细胞（WBC）的数量。此外，该结果进一步证实了BP-1可以提高血清中IL-2，TNF-α和IFN-γ的水平，从而改善免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能。结果表明，BP-1（80 mg kg ^-1和160 mg kg ^-1）可在体内促进脾细胞的增殖和自然杀伤（NK）细胞活性。实时定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）和ELISA结果表明BP-1（80 mg kg ^-1和160 mg kg ^-1）可以增强免疫抑制小鼠脾脏中IL-2，TNF-α，IFN-γ，IgG和IgM的产生。HE（苏木精和曙红）染色的组织病理学图像显示，BP-1（80 mg kg ^-1和160 mg kg ^-1）可以修复免疫抑制小鼠脾细胞中CTX诱导的损伤。巨噬细胞的结果表明，BP-1（80 mg kg ^-1和160 mg kg ^-1）可以促进免疫抑制小鼠中巨噬细胞的增殖和吞噬活性。此外，BP-1可以在体内通过TLR-4，TRAF6，TAK1和核因子κB（NF-κB）p65途径激活巨噬细胞。这些结果表明，BP-1对免疫抑制小鼠模型具有显着的免疫调节活性。