Exposures to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been linked to metabolic disruption, immunotoxicity, and cancer in humans. PFASs are known to be present in diverse consumer products including textiles and food packaging. Here, we present a new method for quantifying the atomic percent fluorine (% F) in the surficial 0.01 μm of consumer products using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface of food contact materials and textiles measured in this study contained up to 28% F and 45% F, respectively. PTFE tape was measured to demonstrate XPS accuracy and precision. Depth profiles of fluorine content in consumer products measured using XPS showed the highest levels at the upper-most surface in contact with the surrounding environment and a decrease below the surface. PFASs released in methanol extracts and quantified using traditional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry typically accounted for <1% of the fluorine measured with XPS in consumer products. We conclude that XPS is a useful technique for characterizing PFASs in consumer products because it can precisely quantify the surficial fluorine content of materials. XPS also allows identification of CF₂ and CF₃ groups in materials and can elucidate the depth-dependent distribution of fluorine in products.

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我们如何在消费品表面测量多氟烷基和全氟烷基物质（PFAS）？

暴露于多氟烷基和全氟烷基物质（PFAS）与人类的代谢破坏，免疫毒性和癌症有关。已知PFAS存在于包括纺织品和食品包装在内的各种消费产品中。在这里，我们提出了一种使用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）定量测定消费品表面0.01μm氟原子百分比（％F）的新方法。本研究中测量的食品接触材料和纺织品的表面分别包含高达28％的F和45％的F。测量PTFE胶带可证明XPS的准确性和精确度。使用XPS测量的消费品中氟含量的深度曲线显示，与周围环境接触的最上层表面的氟含量最高，而低于该表面的氟含量降低。甲醇提取物中释放的PFAS和使用传统液相色谱-串联质谱法定量的PFAS通常占消费品中用XPS测量的氟的<1％。我们得出的结论是，XPS是表征消费品中PFAS的有用技术，因为它可以精确地量化材料的表面氟含量。XPS还可以识别CF_{材料中的2}和CF ₃基团，可以阐明产物中氟的深度依赖性分布。