The aggregation of fibrils of hyperphosphorylated and C-terminally truncated microtubule-associated tau protein characterizes 80% of all dementia disorders, the most common neurodegenerative disorders. These so-called tauopathies are hitherto not curable and their diagnosis, especially at early disease stages, has traditionally proven difficult. A keystone in the diagnosis of tauopathies was the development of methods to assess levels of tau protein in vivo in cerebrospinal fluid, which has significantly improved our knowledge about these conditions. Tau proteins have also been measured in blood, but the importance of tau-related changes in blood is still unclear. The recent addition of positron emission tomography ligands to visualize, map and quantify tau pathology has further contributed with information about the temporal and spatial characteristics of tau accumulation in the living brain. Together, the measurement of tau with fluid biomarkers and positron emission tomography constitutes the basis for a highly active field of research. This review describes the current state of biomarkers for tau biomarkers derived from neuroimaging and from the analysis of bodily fluids and their roles in the detection, diagnosis and prognosis of tau-associated neurodegenerative disorders, as well as their associations with neuropathological findings, and aims to provide a perspective on how these biomarkers might be employed prospectively in research and clinical settings.

中文翻译：

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tau病理学的生物标志物。

高磷酸化和C末端截短的微管相关tau蛋白的原纤维聚集是所有痴呆症（最常见的神经退行性疾病）的80％。这些所谓的tauopathies迄今无法治愈，并且传统上证明难以诊断，特别是在疾病早期。诊断tauopathies的关键是开发评估脑脊液中体内tau蛋白水平的方法，这大大提高了我们对这些疾病的认识。Tau蛋白也已在血液中进行了测定，但与tau相关的血液变化的重要性仍不清楚。最近添加了正电子发射断层成像配体，以实现可视化，映射和量化tau病理学进一步有助于了解tau在活脑中积累的时空特征。总而言之，利用流体生物标记物和正电子发射断层摄影术测量tau构成了活跃的研究领域的基础。这篇综述描述了来自神经影像学和体液分析的tau生物标志物的生物标志物的现状及其在tau相关性神经退行性疾病的检测，诊断和预后中的作用，以及它们与神经病理学发现的关系，旨在提供有关如何在研究和临床环境中前瞻性地使用这些生物标记物的观点。用流体生物标志物和正电子发射断层显像技术测量tau构成了活跃的研究领域的基础。这篇综述描述了来自神经影像学和体液分析的tau生物标志物的生物标志物的现状及其在tau相关性神经退行性疾病的检测，诊断和预后中的作用，以及它们与神经病理学发现的关系，旨在提供有关如何在研究和临床环境中前瞻性地使用这些生物标记物的观点。用流体生物标志物和正电子发射断层显像技术测量tau构成了活跃的研究领域的基础。这篇综述描述了来自神经影像学和体液分析的tau生物标志物的生物标志物的现状及其在tau相关性神经退行性疾病的检测，诊断和预后中的作用，以及它们与神经病理学发现的关系，旨在提供有关如何在研究和临床环境中前瞻性地使用这些生物标记物的观点。