Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs, material containing particles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm) are present in a range of consumer products and could be released into the environment from these products during their production, use or end-of-life. The high surface to volume ratio of nanomaterials imparts a high reactivity, which is of interest for novel applications but may raise concern for the environment. In the absence of measurement methods, there is a need for modelling to assess likely concentrations and fate arising from current and future releases. To assess the capability that exists to do such modelling, progress in modelling ENM fate since 2011 is reviewed. ENM-specific processes represented in models are mainly limited to aggregation and, in some instances, dissolution. Transformation processes (e.g. sulphidation), the role of the manufactured coatings, particle size distribution and particle form and state are still usually excluded. Progress is also being made in modelling ENMs at larger scales. Currently, models can give a reasonable assessment of the fate of ENMs in the environment, but a full understanding will likely require fuller inclusion of these ENM-specific processes.

工程纳米材料（ENM，包含至少一个尺寸小于100 nm的颗粒的材料）存在于一系列消费产品中，并可能在其生产，使用或报废期间从这些产品释放到环境中。纳米材料的高表面体积比赋予了高反应性，这对于新型应用是令人感兴趣的，但是可能引起对环境的关注。在没有测量方法的情况下，需要进行建模以评估当前和未来释放可能产生的浓度和命运。为了评估进行此类建模的能力，我们回顾了自2011年以来对ENM命运进行建模的进展。模型中表示的特定于ENM的过程主要限于聚集，在某些情况下还包括溶解。转化过程（例如硫化），通常仍然不考虑制造的涂料的作用，粒度分布以及颗粒形式和状态。在更大规模的ENM建模方面也取得了进展。当前，模型可以对环境中ENM的命运进行合理评估，但是要全面理解，可能需要更全面地包含这些特定于ENM的过程。