Pseudomonas sp. MP12 was isolated from a soil sample collected in a typical warm-temperate deciduous forest near Brescia, Northern Italy. Phylogenetic analysis identified the species as Pseudomonas protegens. We evidenced in this strain the presence of the genes phlD, pltB and prnC responsible for the synthesis of the antifungal compounds 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), pyoluteorin and pyrrolnitrin, respectively. P. protegens MP12 was also shown to produce siderophores and ammonia, yielded positive results with the indole-3-acetic acid test, and was capable of phosphate solubilization. Moreover, P. protegens MP12 exhibited inhibitory effects on in vitro mycelial growth of prominent grapevine (Vitis vinifera) phytopathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium expansum and Neofusicoccum parvum. The strain showed activity even against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, which cause the devastating tracheomycosis/esca disease of grapevine trunks for which no efficacious control methods have been demonstrated so far. Furthermore, the MP12 strain manifested in vivo antifungal activity against B. cinerea on grapevine leaves. Culture-dependent and culture-independent analysis revealed the ability of P. protegens MP12 to efficiently and permanently colonize inner grapevine tissues. These results suggest that P. protegens MP12 could be worth of exploitation as an antifungal biocontrol agent for applications in viticulture.

假单胞菌属。MP12是从在意大利北部布雷西亚附近的典型温带落叶林中收集的土壤样品中分离出来的。系统发育分析确定该物种为假单胞菌蛋白质。我们在该菌株证明的基因的存在PHL d，PLT B和PRN负责的抗真菌化合物的分别2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚（2,4-DAPG），藤黄绿菌素和硝吡咯，合成℃。P. protegens MP12还显示出生成铁载体和氨，在吲哚-3-乙酸测试中产生阳性结果，并且能够磷酸化。此外，蛋白链球菌MP12对细菌有抑制作用。体外突出葡萄的菌丝生长（葡萄）植物病原体，如灰葡萄孢菌，链格孢，黑曲霉，扩展青霉和Neofusicoccum孢子虫。该菌株甚至显示出对衣原体Phaeomoniella chlamydospora和Phaeoacremonium aleophilum的活性，这引起了毁灭性的葡萄树干气管菌病/ esca病，迄今为止尚未证明有效的控制方法。此外，MP12菌株对灰葡萄孢表现出体内抗真菌活性。在葡萄叶上。依赖于文化和不依赖于文化的分析表明，蛋白质假单胞菌MP12能够有效，永久地定居葡萄内部组织。这些结果表明，P.protegens MP12可以作为抗真菌生物防治剂用于葡萄栽培中。