OBJECTIVE Psychotic experiences (PE) are dimensional phenomena in the general population that resemble psychotic symptoms, such as paranoia and hallucinations. This is the first twin study to explore the degree to which tobacco use and PE share genetic or environmental influences. Previous studies on the association between adolescent tobacco use and PE have not considered PE dimensionally, included negative symptoms, or accounted for confounding by sleep disturbance and stressful life events. METHOD An unselected adolescent twin sample (N = 3,787 pairs; mean age = 16.16 years) reported on PE (paranoia, hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, grandiosity, and anhedonia) and regularity of tobacco use. Parents rated the twins' negative symptoms. Regression analyses were conducted while adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, prenatal maternal smoking, cannabis use, sleep disturbance, and stressful life events. Bivariate twin modeling was used to estimate the degree of genetic and common and unique environmental influences shared between tobacco use and PE. RESULTS Regular smokers were significantly more likely to experience paranoia, hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, and negative symptoms (β = 0.17-0.34), but not grandiosity or anhedonia, than nonsmokers, after adjustment for confounders. Paranoia, hallucinations, and cognitive disorganization correlated ≥0.15 with tobacco use (r = 0.15-0.21, all p < .001). Significant genetic correlations (rA=0.37-0.45) were found. Genetic influences accounted for most of the association between tobacco use and paranoia (84%) and cognitive disorganization (81%). Familial influences accounted for 80% of the association between tobacco use and hallucinations. CONCLUSION Tobacco use and PE during adolescence were associated after adjustment for confounders. They appear to co-occur largely because of shared genetic influences.

中文翻译：

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青春期精神病经验与烟草使用之间关联的双胞胎研究。

目的精神病经历（PE）是一般人群中的维度现象，类似于精神病症状，例如偏执狂和幻觉。这是第一项双胞胎研究，旨在探讨烟草使用和体育对遗传或环境影响的共享程度。以前有关青少年吸烟与体育锻炼之间关系的研究尚未从维度上考虑体育锻炼，包括消极症状，或解释了睡眠障碍和压力性生活事件造成的混淆。方法一项未选择的青春期双生子样本（N = 3,787对；平均年龄= 16.16岁）报告了PE（妄想症，幻觉，认知障碍，妄想症和快感缺乏症）和烟草使用的规律性。父母对双胞胎的不良症状进行了评分。在调整了社会人口特征的同时进行了回归分析，产前孕妇吸烟，使用大麻，睡眠障碍和压力大的生活事件。双变量孪生模型用于估计烟草使用和PE之间遗传和共同的和独特的环境影响的程度。结果经过调整混杂因素后，与不吸烟者相比，经常吸烟者发生偏执狂，幻觉，认知障碍和阴性症状的可能性更大（β= 0.17-0.34），但比起不吸烟者，他们的情绪高涨或快感不明显。偏执狂，幻觉和认知障碍与烟草使用相关≥0.15（r = 0.15-0.21，所有p <.001）。发现显着的遗传相关性（rA = 0.37-0.45）。遗传因素是烟草使用与妄想症（84％）和认知障碍（81％）之间的大部分关联。家族影响占烟草使用与幻觉之间联系的80％。结论调整混杂因素后，青春期的烟草使用与体育锻炼相关。由于共同的遗传影响，它们似乎同时发生。