Long-distance transport and long-term storage of hydrogen can be realized with Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC) based on a two-step cycle: (1) loading of hydrogen (hydrogenation) into the LOHC molecule (i.e., hydrogen is covalently bound to the LOHC) and (2) unloading of hydrogen (dehydrogenation) after transport and storage. Since the (optimal) LOHC is liquid at ambient conditions and shows similar properties to crude oil based liquids (e.g. diesel, and gasoline), handling and storage is realized by well-known processes; thus stepwise adaptation of the existing crude oil based infrastructure is basically possible. Against this background, a defined process chain for intercontinental ship transport of hydrogen (5000 km) is simulated with various LOHCs. The respective results are evaluated and assessed related to their technological and economic performance. Additionally, they are compared to a pipeline-based provision chain based on compressed hydrogen (CGH₂). Among others, the results show that methanol is the cheapest LOHC option for storage and transportation followed by dibenzyltoluene and toluene. For a storage time of 60 days they show economic advantages compared to compressed hydrogen (CGH₂) under the defined assumptions; thus these LOHC options are especially advantageous for long-term storage/long distance transport applications. The energetic efficiency of the systems mainly depends on the source of the dehydrogenation heat. Two options, dehydrogenation driven by hydrogen burning vs. dehydrogenation driven by waste heat, have been evaluated in this study. Systems that run on waste heat perform much better in terms of efficiency. Overall, LOHCs can provide technologically efficient and economic promising storage and transport within a sustainable hydrogen economy.

中文翻译：

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液态有机氢载体（LOHC）–在定义的过程链中对LOHC进行技术经济分析†

氢的长距离运输和长期存储可以通过两步循环利用液态有机氢载体（LOHC）实现：（1）将氢负载（加氢）到LOHC分子中（即氢是共价键合的）到LOHC）和（2）在运输和储存后卸载氢气（脱氢）。由于（最佳）LOHC在环境条件下为液体，并且显示出与基于原油的液体相似的特性（例如，柴油和汽油），则通过众所周知的过程来实现处理和存储；因此，基本上有可能对现有的基于原油的基础设施进行逐步调整。在此背景下，使用各种LOHC模拟了定义的跨洲船舶氢气运输（5000 km）的过程链。对各自的结果进行评估，并评估其技术和经济表现。此外，将它们与基于压缩氢（CGH ₂）的基于管道的供应链进行了比较。结果表明，甲醇是储存和运输中最便宜的LOHC选择，其次是二苄基甲苯和甲苯。与压缩氢气（CGH ₂）在已定义的假设下；因此，这些LOHC选项对于长期存储/长距离运输应用特别有利。系统的能量效率主要取决于脱氢热的来源。有两个选项，脱氢由氢气燃烧驱动与脱氢余热驱动，已在这项研究进行评估。以废热运行的系统在效率方面要好得多。总体而言，LOHC可以在可持续的氢经济中提供技术上有效且经济上有希望的储存和运输。