Water bodies in the urban landscape are omnipresent, with many being small, lentic waters such as ponds and lakes. Because of high anthropogenic forcing, these systems have poor water quality, with large consequences for the provisioning of ecosystem services. Understanding of the main pressures on urban water quality is key to successful management. We identify six pressures that we hypothesize to have strong links to anthropogenic forcing including: eutrophication, aquatic invasive species, altered hydrology, altered habitat structure, climate change, and micropollutants. We discuss how these pressures may affect water quality and ecological functioning of urban waters. We describe how these pressures may interact, posing challengers for water management. We identify steps that need to be taken towards sustainable restoration, recognizing the challenges that potentially interacting pressures pose to water managers.

城市景观中的水体无处不在，其中许多是小型的透镜状水域，例如池塘和湖泊。由于高的人为强迫，这些系统的水质较差，对提供生态系统服务造成重大影响。了解城市水质的主要压力是成功管理的关键。我们确定了我们认为与人为强迫有密切联系的六个压力，包括：富营养化，水生入侵物种，水文学改变，生境结构改变，气候变化和微污染物。我们讨论了这些压力如何影响水质和城市水域的生态功能。我们描述了这些压力如何相互作用，从而构成了水资源管理的挑战者。我们确定了为实现可持续恢复而需要采取的步骤，