The cellular events that contribute to tissue healing of non-sterile wounds to the skin and ischaemic injury to internal organs such as the heart share remarkable similarities despite the differences between these injury types and organs. In adult vertebrates, both injuries are characterised by a complex series of overlapping events involving multiple different cell types and cellular interactions. In adult mammals both tissue-healing processes ultimately lead to the permanent formation of a fibrotic, collagenous scar, which can have varying effects on tissue function depending on the site and magnitude of damage. Extensive scarring in the heart as a result of a severe myocardial infarction contributes to ventricular dysfunction and the progression of heart failure. Some vertebrates such as adult zebrafish, however, retain a more embryonic capacity for scar-free tissue regeneration in many tissues including the skin and heart. In this review, the similarities and differences between these different types of wound healing are discussed, with special attention on recent advances in regenerative, non-scarring vertebrate models such as the zebrafish.

尽管这些损伤类型和器官之间存在差异，但有助于非无菌性伤口组织愈合和对心脏等内部器官缺血性损伤的细胞事件具有显着相似性。在成年脊椎动物中，两种损伤的特征都是一系列复杂的重叠事件，涉及多种不同的细胞类型和细胞相互作用。在成年哺乳动物中，这两种组织愈合过程最终都会导致永久形成纤维化，胶原性瘢痕，根据损伤的部位和大小，其对组织功能可能会产生不同的影响。严重的心肌梗塞导致心脏广泛的瘢痕形成，导致心室功能障碍和心力衰竭的发展。但是，某些脊椎动物（例如成年斑马鱼）保留了更多的胚胎能力，可以在包括皮肤和心脏在内的许多组织中实现无疤痕组织再生。在这篇综述中，讨论了这些不同类型的伤口愈合之间的异同，并特别关注了再生，无疤痕的脊椎动物模型（例如斑马鱼）的最新进展。