Compared to conventional porous materials with a uniform pore size distribution, hierarchical ones containing interconnected macro-, meso-, and micropores have greatly enhanced material performance due to the increased specific surface area and mass transfer. Copolymer is a good candidate used for construction of such hierarchically porous structures, resulting from its tunable segment composition, unique phase separation, and self-assembly, etc. Hierarchically porous materials derived from copolymers can be served as a versatile support for many reactive molecules. Furthermore, hierarchically porous carbon materials (HPCMs) can also be prepared by carbonization of copolymers, one segment of which is converted to carbon while the other segment is responsible for the pore formation after its removal by pyrolysis. The obtained hierarchically porous copolymers or carbon materials have promising electrochemical applications especially in energy conversion and storage. In the present review, recent advances in preparation of hierarchically porous materials (HPMs) derived from copolymers are reviewed, and their electrochemical applications in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical biosensors, and electrocatalysis are also introduced. The rational design and control for the hierarchically porous microstructures are described deeply from the molecular level. Also, the relationship between the micro-structure and the electrochemical performance is revealed. This review can provide us a better understanding of both theory and experiment for the preparation of hierarchically porous organic materials and their electrochemical applications.

中文翻译：

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共聚物衍生的多层多孔有机材料：制备和电化学应用

与具有均匀孔径分布的常规多孔材料相比，包含相互连接的大，中，微孔的分层多孔材料由于增加了比表面积和传质而大大提高了材料性能。由于其可调节的链段组成，独特的相分离和自组装等特性，共聚物是用于构建此类分层多孔结构的良好候选者。衍生自共聚物的分层多孔材料可以用作许多反应性分子的通用载体。此外，也可以通过将共聚物碳化来制备分级多孔碳材料（HPCM），该共聚物的一个链段转化为碳，而另一链段负责在通过热解将其除去后形成孔。所获得的分级多孔共聚物或碳材料具有有前途的电化学应用，尤其是在能量转换和存储方面。在本综述中，综述了从共聚物中制备分级多孔材料（HPM）的最新进展，并介绍了其在超级电容器，锂离子电池，燃料电池，电化学生物传感器和电催化中的电化学应用。从分子水平深入描述了分层多孔微结构的合理设计和控制。此外，揭示了微观结构与电化学性能之间的关系。