Aquatic Toxicology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.018 Zhenhua Yan , Hongwei Sun , Runren Jiang , Huike Dong , Haohan Yang , Jianchao Liu , Guanghua Lu , Yong Ji
Studies on the bioavailability of organic contaminants adsorbed to nanomaterials are increasing. In this study, we investigated the interaction between fluoxetine (FLX) and three multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different functional groups in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, focusing on the FLX accumulation, the formation of the metabolite norfluoxetine (NFLX), and the active defence system responses. The accumulation of FLX in zebrafish was intensified by MWCNTs (46–99%), which simultaneously facilitated the formation of the metabolite NFLX by 23–167%. The consistent enhancement revealed that the absorbed FLX is bioavailable in zebrafish. Moreover, the coexisting MWCNTs further promoted the influences of FLX on the active defence system in zebrafish (e.g. antioxidant and metabolic function), eliciting the defence function. The influences of MWCNTs on the bioavailability of FLX in zebrafish could be ordered as OH-MWCNTs > COOH-MWCNTs > pristine MWCNTs. The release of FLX from MWCNTs in biofluids may partially contribute to these significant alterations. In particular, MWCNTs themselves may also modulate the bioavailability of FLX in zebrafish by downregulating the gene expression of membrane ATP-binding cassette transporter (abcb4). These findings demonstrated that MWCNTs increased the bioavailability of FLX in zebrafish, especially the functionalized MWCNTs. The production of metabolites may be a useful bio-endpoint to evaluate the bioavailability of adsorbed contaminants on nanomaterials.
中文翻译:
氟西汀在斑马鱼胚胎中的积累,代谢物和主动防御系统反应:具有不同官能团的多壁碳纳米管的影响
关于吸附到纳米材料上的有机污染物的生物利用度的研究正在增加。在这项研究中,我们调查了氟西汀(FLX)与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)中具有不同官能团的三个多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)之间的相互作用)胚胎,着重于FLX的积累,诺氟西汀代谢物(NFLX)的形成以及主动防御系统的反应。MWCNT(46–99%)增强了斑马鱼中FLX的积累,同时促进了23–167%的代谢产物NFLX的形成。一致的增强表明,吸收的FLX在斑马鱼中具有生物利用度。此外,共存的多壁碳纳米管进一步促进了FLX对斑马鱼主动防御系统的影响(例如抗氧化剂和代谢功能),从而引发了防御功能。MWCNTs对斑马鱼中FLX生物利用度的影响可按以下顺序排序:OH-MWCNTs> COOH-MWCNTs>原始MWCNTs。从生物流体中的MWCNT释放FLX可能部分促成这些显着改变。尤其是,abcb4)。这些发现表明,MWCNT增加了斑马鱼中FLX的生物利用度,特别是功能化的MWCNT。代谢产物的产生可能是评估纳米材料上吸附污染物的生物利用度的有用生物终点。