It is well-documented that fungicides can affect crustacean leaf shredders via two effect pathways, namely waterborne exposure and their diet (i.e., via dietary uptake of fungicides adsorbed to leaf material and an altered microorganism-mediated food quality). As a consequence of different life history strategies, the relevance of these effect pathways for aquatic shredders belonging to other taxonomic classes, for instance insects, remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated waterborne and diet-related effects in larvae of the caddisfly leaf shredder Chaetopteryx villosa (Insecta: Trichoptera) and compared our observations to previous reports on effects in adults of the crustacean leaf shredder Gammarus fossarum (Malacostraca: Amphipoda). We assessed acute waterborne effects of an organic fungicide mixture (OFM) and the inorganic fungicide copper (Cu) on the leaf consumption (n = 30) of the fourth-/fifth-instar larvae of C. villosa and their food choice (n = 49) when offered leaf material, which was either conditioned in presence or in absence of the respective fungicide(s). Moreover, the larval leaf consumption (n = 50) and physiological fitness (i.e., growth as well as lipid and protein content) were examined after subjecting C. villosa for 24 days towards the combination of both effect pathways at environmentally relevant concentrations. G. fossarum and C. villosa exhibited similar sensitivities and the same effect direction when exposed to the OFM (either waterborne or dietary pathways). Both shredders also showed the same effect direction when exposed to dietary Cu, while with regards to mortality and leaf consumption C. villosa was less sensitive to waterborne Cu than G. fossarum. Finally, as observed for G. fossarum, the combined exposure to OFM over 24 days negatively affected leaf consumption and the physiology (i.e., growth and lipid reserves) of C. villosa. While no combined Cu effects were observed for larval leaf consumption, contrasting to the observations for G. fossarum, the physiology of both shredders was negatively affected, despite partly differing effect sizes and directions. Our results suggest that C. villosa and G. fossarum are of comparable sensitivity towards waterborne and diet-related organic fungicide exposure, whereas the trichopteran is less sensitive to Cu-based waterborne fungicide exposure. However, when both pathways act jointly, organic and inorganic fungicides can affect the physiology of shredder species with completely different life history strategies. As caddisflies represent a subsidy for terrestrial consumers, these observations indicate that fungicide exposure might not only affect aquatic ecosystem functioning but also the flux of energy across ecosystem boundaries.

有充分的文献证明，杀菌剂可以通过两种作用途径影响甲壳类动物的切菜机，即水接触和它们的饮食（即通过饮食摄取吸附在叶片材料上的杀菌剂和改变的微生物介导的食品质量）。由于不同的生活史策略的结果，这些影响途径对于属于其他分类学类别（例如昆虫）的水生碎纸机的相关性仍不清楚。因此，我们调查了鳞翅目切叶蝉（Chaetopteryx villosa）（昆虫纲：Trichoptera）幼虫的水生和饮食相关作用，并将我们的观察结果与以前关于甲壳类碎叶机伽马鲁斯镰刀成虫的报告进行了比较。（Malacostraca：Amphipoda）。我们评估了有机杀菌剂混合物（OFM）和无机杀菌剂铜（Cu）对C. villosa 第四龄/第五龄幼虫的叶片消耗量（n = 30）及其食物选择（n  = 49）当提供叶片材料时，可以在有或没有相应杀菌剂的条件下进行调节。此外， 在对棉铃虫进行了24天的环境相关浓度的两种作用途径组合处理后，检查了幼虫的叶片消耗量（n = 50）和生理适应性（即生长以及脂质和蛋白质含量）。G. fossarum和C. villosa暴露于OFM（水途径或饮食途径）时，表现出相似的敏感性和相同的作用方向。既粉碎机也显示相同的效果的方向当暴露于浓度的Cu，而具有关于死亡率和叶消耗C.麦是水传播的Cu小于敏感G. fossarum。最后，作为用于观察G. fossarum，将合并的暴露于超过OFM 24天负影响叶消耗和生理学（即，生长和脂质储备）C.麦。虽然未观察到幼虫叶片消耗的Cu联合效应，但与G. fossarum的观察结果相反，尽管效果大小和方向部分不同，但两个碎纸机的生理状况均受到不利影响。我们的研究结果表明，C.麦和G. fossarum是向水性和饮食有关的有机杀真菌剂曝光灵敏度可比的，而trichopteran是Cu基水性杀菌剂曝光较不敏感。但是，当两种途径共同起作用时，有机和无机杀真菌剂会以完全不同的生活史策略影响切碎机物种的生理。由于尸体为陆地消费者提供了补贴，这些观察结果表明，接触杀真菌剂不仅可能影响水生生态系统的功能，而且还会影响跨生态系统边界的能量通量。