OBJECTIVE Disturbances in self-regulatory control are involved in the initiation and maintenance of addiction, including cannabis use disorder. In adults, long-term cannabis use is associated with disturbances in frontostriatal circuits during tasks that require the engagement of self-regulatory control, including the resolution of cognitive conflict. Understudied are the behavioral and neural correlates of these processes earlier in the course of cannabis use disentangled from effects of long-term use. The present study investigated the functioning of frontostriatal circuits during the resolution of cognitive conflict in cannabis-using youth. METHOD Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 28 cannabis-using youth and 32 age-matched healthy participants during the performance of a Simon task. General linear modeling was used to compare patterns of brain activation during correct responses to conflict stimuli across groups. Psychophysiologic interaction analyses were used to examine conflict-related frontostriatal connectivity across groups. Associations of frontostriatal activation and connectivity with cannabis use measures were explored. RESULTS Decreased conflict-related activity was detected in cannabis-using versus healthy control youth in frontostriatal regions, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, striatum, pallidum, and thalamus. Frontostriatal connectivity did not differ across groups, but negative connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and striatum was detected in the 2 groups. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with previous reports of cannabis-associated disturbances in frontostriatal circuits in adults and point to the specific influence of cannabis on neurodevelopmental changes in youth. Future studies should examine whether frontostriatal functioning is a reliable marker of cannabis use disorder severity and a potential target for circuit-based interventions.

中文翻译：

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解决使用大麻的年轻人的认知冲突期间，前额窦回路功能不足。

目的自我调节控制中的障碍与成瘾（包括大麻使用障碍）的发作和维持有关。在成年人中，长期使用大麻会导致需要进行自我调节控制（包括解决认知冲突）的任务中前额窦回路的紊乱。大麻的使用过程中，这些过程的行为和神经相关性尚未得到充分研究，这与长期使用的影响无关。本研究调查了使用大麻的青年在解决认知冲突过程中的额窦回路的功能。方法在执行Simon任务期间，从28位使用大麻的青年和32位年龄相匹配的健康参与者中获取了功能性磁共振成像数据。通用线性建模用于比较各组对冲突刺激的正确响应过程中的大脑激活模式。心理生理学相互作用分析用于检查各组之间与冲突相关的前额骨连接性。探讨了额骨激活和与大麻使用措施之间的联系。结果在包括前腹皮层，纹状体，苍白球和丘脑在内的前额骨区域使用大麻的人与健康对照的青年相比，检测到与冲突有关的活动减少。两组之间的前额骨连接性没有差异，但是在两组中检测到腹膜前额叶皮层和纹状体之间的负连接性。结论这些发现与先前有关成人额窦环路中与大麻有关的紊乱的报道一致，并指出了大麻对青少年神经发育变化的特定影响。未来的研究应该检查前额叶功能是否是大麻使用障碍严重程度的可靠标志，以及是否是基于回路的干预措施的潜在目标。