Inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) were demonstrated to improve the performance using 1-Benzoyl-2-thiourea (BT) as surface modifier on sol-gel ZnO. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) results showed the formation of N-Zn bonding and the reduced oxygen vacancies (V_o), indicating BT chemisorbed on V_o sites of ZnO surface to passivate O defects. From ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopic (UPS) data, the BT modified ZnO (ZnO/BT) showed decreased work function (WF) due to the interfacial dipole, enhancing the electron transportation. Besides, the phenyl group of BT provided the hydrophobic surface not only good contact with organic active layer but also a good prevention of moisture, improving the interfacial compatibility and long-term stability. Accordingly, PSCs with ZnO/BT possessed 9.16% of power conversion efficiency (PCE) higher than 8.16% of the pristine ZnO.

反相聚合物太阳能电池（PSC）被证明可以改善性能，使用1-苯甲酰基-2-硫脲（BT）作为溶胶-凝胶ZnO上的表面改性剂。X射线光电子能谱（XPS）结果显示N-Zn键的形成和减少的氧空位（V _o），表明BT化学吸附在V _o上ZnO表面的钝化部位以钝化O缺陷。根据紫外光电子能谱（UPS）数据，由于界面偶极子的作用，BT改性的ZnO（ZnO / BT）的功函（WF）降低，从而增强了电子传输。此外，BT的苯基不仅提供了疏水表面与有机活性层的良好接触，而且还提供了良好的防潮性能，改善了界面相容性和长期稳定性。因此，具有ZnO / BT的PSC拥有9.16％的功率转换效率（PCE），高于原始ZnO的8.16％。