Understanding changes over historical timescales is essential to gauge conservation status of a species. Modern ecological data typically neglect past magnitudes of change, which fortunately can be evaluated by bridging disparate knowledge sources. We synthesized zooarchaeological, historical, traditional, and western science knowledge to document changes in relative abundance of key species in Canada's northern abalone social–ecological system (SES) from the Holocene to present. Integrated models fit to traditional and western science data revealed 3.7% annual population decline from 1940s to 2010s for large abalone, although traditional knowledge density estimates were 9.5× higher than those derived from western science. Abalone are presently scarce compared to the mid‐1900s, but more abundant than before the early 1800s, calling their endangered status into question. Linking multiple knowledge sources can build SES understanding, facilitate power sharing, and support ecologically sustainable and socially just conservation outcomes.

中文翻译：

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多样的知识体系揭示了社会生态动态，可为物种保护状况提供信息

了解历史时间尺度上的变化对于评估物种的保护状态至关重要。现代生态数据通常会忽略过去的变化幅度，幸运的是，可以通过桥接不同的知识源来进行评估。我们综合了动物考古学，历史，传统和西方科学知识，以记录从全新世到现在加拿大北部鲍鱼社会生态系统（SES）中关键物种相对丰富度的变化。适合传统和西方科学数据的综合模型显示，从1940年代到2010年代，大鲍鱼的年人口减少了3.7％，尽管传统知识密度估计值比西方科学得出的估计值高9.5倍。与1900年代中期相比，鲍鱼目前稀缺，但比1800年代之前丰富，质疑他们的濒危地位。链接多个知识源可以建立对SES的理解，促进权力共享，并支持生态可持续和社会公正的保护成果。