Noble metal nanoparticles have been extensively studied to understand and apply their plasmonic responses, upon coupling with electromagnetic radiation, to research areas such as sensing, photocatalysis, electronics, and biomedicine. The plasmonic properties of metal nanoparticles can change significantly with changes in particle size, shape, composition, and arrangement. Thus, stabilization of the fabricated nanoparticles is crucial for preservation of the desired plasmonic behavior. Because plasmonic nanoparticles find application in diverse fields, a variety of different stabilization strategies have been developed. Often, stabilizers also function to enhance or improve the plasmonic properties of the nanoparticles. This review provides a representative overview of how gold and silver nanoparticles, the most frequently used materials in current plasmonic applications, are stabilized in different application platforms and how the stabilizing agents improve their plasmonic properties at the same time. Specifically, this review focuses on the roles and effects of stabilizing agents such as surfactants, silica, biomolecules, polymers, and metal shells in colloidal nanoparticle suspensions. Stability strategies for other types of plasmonic nanomaterials, lithographic plasmonic nanoparticle arrays, are discussed as well.

中文翻译：

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银和金纳米粒子的稳定化：等离子体活性功能的保存和改进。

贵金属纳米颗粒已被广泛研究，以理解并在与电磁辐射耦合后将其等离子体响应应用于研究领域，例如传感，光催化，电子学和生物医学。金属纳米粒子的等离子性质可随粒度，形状，组成和排列的变化而显着变化。因此，制造的纳米颗粒的稳定化对于保持所需的等离子体行为至关重要。因为等离激元纳米颗粒发现了在各个领域中的应用，所以已经开发了各种不同的稳定策略。通常，稳定剂还起到增强或改善纳米粒子的等离子体性能的作用。这篇评论提供了关于金和银纳米粒子如何具有代表性的概述，在当前等离子应用中最常用的材料已在不同的应用平台中稳定化，稳定剂如何同时改善其等离子特性。具体而言，本综述重点关注胶体纳米颗粒悬浮液中稳定剂（例如表面活性剂，二氧化硅，生物分子，聚合物和金属壳）的作用和效果。还讨论了其他类型的等离子纳米材料（光刻等离子纳米颗粒阵列）的稳定性策略。和胶体纳米颗粒悬浮液中的金属壳。还讨论了其他类型的等离子纳米材料（光刻等离子纳米颗粒阵列）的稳定性策略。和胶体纳米颗粒悬浮液中的金属壳。还讨论了其他类型的等离子纳米材料（光刻等离子纳米颗粒阵列）的稳定性策略。