Cold spraying (CS) has been widely explored over the last decade due to its low process temperature and limited thermal effect on spray materials. As a solid-state process, the inherent deficiencies of traditional thermal spraying such as oxidation, decomposition, and grain growth are avoided. This article summarizes the research work on the fabrication of composites and nanostructured coatings by the promising CS process. After a brief introduction to CS and its deposition mechanisms, the preparation methods of spray powders are classified. Different methods are appropriate for particles of various properties, and the tendency is to design composite powders by combined methods in order to create coatings with specified properties. Then, the co-deposition mechanism of composite particles as well as research findings on metal–metal, metal–ceramic, and metal–intermetallic composite coatings are reviewed concerning the deposition characteristics, microstructure and its relation to properties. Moreover, CS has been used to deposit a variety of nanostructured materials, including metals, metal–ceramic composites, and even ceramics, retaining their nanocrystalline nature in the coating without grain growth or phase transformation. Finally, the potential applications of CS and issues to be addressed in coating deposition are discussed.

中文翻译：

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固态冷喷涂先进复合材料和纳米结构涂层的研究进展

在过去的十年中，冷喷涂（CS）由于其较低的工艺温度和对喷涂材料的热效应而受到了广泛的研究。作为固态工艺，可以避免传统热喷涂固有的缺陷，例如氧化，分解和晶粒长大。本文总结了通过有前途的CS工艺制造复合材料和纳米结构涂层的研究工作。在简要介绍CS及其沉积机理后，对喷雾粉的制备方法进行了分类。不同方法适用于各种性质的颗粒，趋势是通过组合方法设计复合粉末，以产生具有特定性质的涂层。然后，复合颗粒的共沉积机理以及金属-金属，金属-陶瓷，对金属和金属间复合涂层的沉积特性，微观结构及其与性能的关系进行了综述。此外，CS已被用于沉积各种纳米结构材料，包括金属，金属陶瓷复合材料甚至陶瓷，从而在涂层中保持其纳米晶体性质而无晶粒生长或相变。最后，讨论了CS的潜在应用以及涂层沉积中要解决的问题。在涂层中保持其纳米晶体性质而无晶粒生长或相变。最后，讨论了CS的潜在应用以及涂层沉积中要解决的问题。在涂层中保持其纳米晶体性质而无晶粒生长或相变。最后，讨论了CS的潜在应用以及涂层沉积中要解决的问题。