Engineered micro-/nanoparticles of various physicochemical properties play significant roles in biomedical engineering from biosensing, in vivo imaging, in vitro diagnosis, drug delivery to therapy. Compared to conventional batch synthesis, microfluidics-based synthesis enables precise reaction control, enhanced mixing, and rapid chemical reactions, allowing for the flow synthesis of particles in a controllable, sustainable, and costsaving manner that is attractive to industry. This review focuses on the recent advances of using microfluidic devices for the flow synthesis of inorganic micro-/nanoparticles with specific properties and their practical applications. We highlight the principle and the merits of emerging microfluidic techniques over conventional methods, discuss chemical reactions performed in the microfluidic reactors, summarize and tabulate strategies for the flow synthesis of inorganic particles, and provide the established applications of materials from these microfluidic systems. The challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives of microfluidics in the synthesis and applications of inorganic micro-/nanoparticles are furthermore discussed.

中文翻译：

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功能性无机微米/纳米微粒的微流合成及其在生物医学工程中的应用

从生物传感，体内成像，体外诊断，药物递送到治疗，具有各种物理化学性质的工程化微米/纳米颗粒在生物医学工程中发挥着重要作用。与常规的批处理合成相比，基于微流体的合成可以实现精确的反应控制，增强的混合和快速的化学反应，从而可以以可控，可持续和节省成本的方式对颗粒进行流动合成，这对工业界来说是有吸引力的。这篇综述着重于使用微流体装置对具有特定性能的无机微米/纳米颗粒进行流合成的最新进展及其实际应用。我们重点介绍了新兴的微流体技术的原理和优点，以及与常规方法相比的优势，并讨论了在微流体反应器中进行的化学反应，总结和制表了无机颗粒的流动合成策略，并提供了来自这些微流体系统的材料的确定的应用。进一步讨论了微流体在无机微米/纳米颗粒的合成和应用中的挑战，机遇和未来前景。