Powder metallurgy (PM) of titanium is a potentially cost-effective alternative to conventional wrought titanium. This article examines both traditional and emerging technologies, including the production of powder, and the sintering, microstructure, and mechanical properties of PM Ti. The production methods of powder are classified into two categories: (1) powder that is produced as the product of extractive metallurgy processes, and (2) powder that is made from Ti sponge, ingot, mill products, or scrap. A new hydrogen-assisted magnesium reduction (HAMR) process is also discussed. The mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V produced using various PM processes are analyzed based on their dependence on unique microstructural features, oxygen content, porosity, and grain size. In particular, the fatigue properties of PM Ti-6Al-4V are examined as functions of microstructure. A hydrogen-enabled approach for microstructural engineering that can be used to produce PM Ti with wrought-like microstructure and properties is also presented.

中文翻译：

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钛粉末冶金–过去，现在和未来

钛的粉末冶金（PM）是传统锻造钛的一种潜在成本有效的替代品。本文研究了传统技术和新兴技术，包括粉末的生产以及PM Ti的烧结，微结构和机械性能。粉末的生产方法可分为两类：（1）作为萃取冶金工艺产品生产的粉末，以及（2）由海绵钛，铸锭，研磨产品或废料制成的粉末。还讨论了一种新的氢辅助镁还原（HAMR）工艺。基于各种PM工艺生产的Ti-6Al-4V的机械性能，基于其对独特的微观结构特征，氧含量，孔隙率和晶粒尺寸的依赖性，对其进行了分析。尤其是，检验了PM Ti-6Al-4V的疲劳性能与微观结构的关系。还介绍了一种用于氢的微结构工程方法，可用于生产具有类似锻造的微结构和性能的PM Ti。