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Radargrammetric approaches to the flat relief of the amazon coast using COSMO-SkyMed and TerraSAR-X datasets
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ( IF 12.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.09.001
Ulisses Silva Guimarães , Igor da Silva Narvaes , Maria de Lourdes Bueno Trindade Galo , Arnaldo de Queiroz da Silva , Paulo de Oliveira Camargo

The Amazonian coast consists of extensive flood plains and plateaus characterized by a high discharge of water and sediment from the Amazon River. This wide landscape occurs under a tropical climate with heavy rains and high cloud cover, making it unsuitable for conventional mapping based on optical images. Additionally, the flat relief and vegetation structure of the Brazilian Amazon coast define an incoherent to partially coherent behavior for the microwave signal, rendering radargrammetric models more suitable for the three-dimensional mapping of its surface. This study aimed to assess the digital surface models (DSMs) provided by Cosmo-SkyMed (CSK) and TerraSAR-X (TSX) Stripmap datasets throughout the radargrammetric models from SARscape and Toutin. The DSMs were generated from SAR (synthetic aperture radar) data with an acquisition geometry that addressed the need for a compromise between the intersection angles and low temporal decorrelation. The radargrammetric SARscape and Toutin’s models were developed from different amounts of stereo ground control points (SGCP). The generated DSMs were evaluated considering a set of 40 independent checkpoints (ICP) measured by GNSS in the field, in their entirety and disaggregated by coastal environment. The vertical accuracy was based on the estimation of the discrepancies, bias and precision (standard deviation and root mean square error – RMSE), and the Taylor and Target diagrams were used for a more comprehensive comparison. In the vertical accuracy analysis using all ICPs measured in situ, the DSM obtained by the SARscape’s model from the CSK SAR data resulted in the lowest RMSE (4.34 m) and mean discrepancy (0.05 m), but Toutin’s model had the lowest standard deviation (2.58 m) of the discrepancies. The Taylor and Target diagrams showed fluctuations in accuracy that alternated the DSMs generated from the two types of SAR data, indicating that TSX produced more stable models and CSK produced better vertical accuracy. The Amazon Coastal Plateau and Fluvial Marine Terrace environments defined three-dimensional representations with lower RMSEs (better than 7.8 and 8.9 m, respectively), regardless of the type of SAR data or the radargrammetric model used. The worst performance, which was for the Fluvial Marine Plain, was influenced by the specific characteristics of this coastal environment, such as the structure of the mangrove vegetation and the shoreline. In general, the high resolution and good ability to revisit the SAR data used, together with the radargrammetric models, allowed for the accurate mapping of the flat relief of the Amazon coastal environments, providing detailed spatial information that can be acquired in severe rainfall conditions in a region of intense morphological dynamics.



中文翻译:

使用COSMO-SkyMed和TerraSAR-X数据集进行亚马逊海岸平坦地形的雷达图测量方法

亚马孙海岸由广阔的洪泛平原和高原组成,其特征是从亚马孙河大量排出水和沉积物。这种宽阔的景观发生在有大雨和高云量的热带气候下,因此不适合基于光学图像的常规测绘。此外,巴西亚马逊海岸的平坦浮雕和植被结构为微波信号定义了一个非相干到部分相干的行为,从而使雷达测量模型更适合于其表面的三维映射。这项研究旨在评估SARscape和Toutin整个雷达测量模型中Cosmo-SkyMed(CSK)和TerraSAR-X(TSX)Stripmap数据集提供的数字表面模型(DSM)。DSM是从具有捕获几何形状的SAR(合成孔径雷达)数据生成的,该几何形状满足了在相交角和低时间去相关之间折衷的需求。雷达图SARscape和Toutin模型是根据不同数量的立体声地面控制点(SGCP)开发的。对生成的DSM进行了评估,其中考虑了由GNSS在野外测量的40个独立检查点(ICP)的全部内容,并按沿海环境进行了分类。垂直精度基于对差异,偏差和精度(标准偏差和均方根误差– RMSE)的估计,并且使用Taylor和Target图进行了更全面的比较。在使用所有ICP测量的垂直精度分析中 雷达图SARscape和Toutin模型是根据不同数量的立体声地面控制点(SGCP)开发的。对生成的DSM进行了评估,其中考虑了由GNSS在野外测量的40个独立检查点(ICP)的全部内容,并按沿海环境进行了分类。垂直精度基于对差异,偏差和精度(标准偏差和均方根误差– RMSE)的估计,并且使用Taylor和Target图进行了更全面的比较。在使用所有ICP测量的垂直精度分析中 雷达图SARscape和Toutin模型是根据不同数量的立体声地面控制点(SGCP)开发的。对生成的DSM进行了评估,其中考虑了由GNSS在野外测量的40个独立检查点(ICP)的全部内容,并按沿海环境进行了分类。垂直精度基于对差异,偏差和精度(标准偏差和均方根误差– RMSE)的估计,并且使用Taylor和Target图进行了更全面的比较。在使用所有ICP测量的垂直精度分析中 垂直精度基于对差异,偏差和精度(标准偏差和均方根误差– RMSE)的估计,并且使用Taylor和Target图进行了更全面的比较。在使用所有ICP测量的垂直精度分析中 垂直精度基于对差异,偏差和精度(标准偏差和均方根误差– RMSE)的估计,并且使用Taylor和Target图进行了更全面的比较。在使用所有ICP测量的垂直精度分析中原位,由SARscape模型从CSK SAR数据获得的DSM导致最低RMSE(4.34 m)和平均差异(0.05 m),而Toutin模型具有最低的标准偏差(2.58 m)。泰勒图和目标图显示了精度的波动,该波动使从两种类型的SAR数据生成的DSM交替出现,表明TSX生成了更稳定的模型,而CSK生成了更好的垂直精度。不论SAR数据类型或使用的雷达计量模型如何,亚马逊海岸高原和河流海洋阶地环境都定义了具有较低RMSE(分别优于7.8和8.9 m)的三维表示。对于沿海海洋平原而言,最差的表现受到该沿海环境的特定特征的影响,例如红树林植被和海岸线的结构。总的来说,高分辨率和重新使用所用SAR数据的良好能力,再加上雷达测量模型,可以精确绘制亚马逊沿岸环境的平坦地形,提供在恶劣降雨条件下可以获取的详细空间信息。强烈的形态动力学区域。

更新日期:2018-09-13
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