Increasing energy demands and more stringent legislation relating to pollutants such as nitrogen oxide (NO_x) and carbon monoxide (CO) from fossil fuels have accelerated the use of biofuels such as biodiesel. However, current limitations of using biodiesel as an alternative fuel for CI engines include a higher viscosity and higher NO_x emissions. This is a major issue that could be improved by blending biodiesel with alcohols. This paper investigates the effect of a butanol–acetone mixture (BA) as an additive blended with biodiesel to improve the latter's properties. Macroscopic spray characteristics (spray penetration, spray cone angle and spray volume) were measured in constant volume vessel (CVV) at two injection pressures. A high-speed camera was used to record spray images. The spray's edge was determined using an automatic threshold calculation algorithm to locate the spray outline (edge) from the binary images. In addition, an engine test was carried out experimentally on a single-cylinder diesel engine. The engine's performance was measured using in-cylinder pressure, brake power (BP) and specific fuel consumption (SFC). Emission characteristics NO_x, CO and UHC were also measured. Neat biodiesel and three blends of biodiesel with up to 30% added BA were tested. The experimental data were analyzed via ANOVA to evaluate whether variations in parameters due to the different fuels were significant. The results showed that BA can enhance the spray characteristics of biodiesel by increasing both the spray penetration length and the contact surface area, thereby improving air–fuel mixing. The peak in-cylinder pressure for 30% BA was comparable to neat diesel and higher than that of neat biodiesel. Brake power (BP) was slightly improved for 10% BA at an engine speed of 2000 rpm while SFC was not significantly higher for any of the BA-biodiesel blends because of the smaller heating value of BA. Comparing the effect on emissions of adding BA to biodiesel, increasing the amount of BA reduced NO_x and CO (7%) and (40%) respectively compared to neat biodiesel, but increased UHC.

与化石燃料中的氮氧化物（NO _x）和一氧化碳（CO）等污染物相关的能源需求不断增长，立法更加严格，从而加速了生物燃料（例如生物柴油）的使用。然而，使用生物柴油作为CI发动机的替代燃料的电流限制包括更高的粘度和更高的NO _X排放。这是一个主要问题，可以通过将生物柴油与酒精混合来改善。本文研究了丁醇-丙酮混合物（BA）作为添加剂与生物柴油混合以改善后者的性能的效果。在两个注射压力下，在恒容容器（CVV）中测量宏观喷雾特性（喷雾渗透，喷雾锥角和喷雾量）。使用高速相机记录喷雾图像。使用自动阈值计算算法确定喷雾边缘，以从二值图像中定位喷雾轮廓（边缘）。此外，还对单缸柴油发动机进行了发动机测试。使用缸内压力，制动功率（BP）和比油耗（SFC）来测量发动机的性能。排放特性_X，还测量了CO和UHC。测试了纯生物柴油和生物柴油的三种掺混物，其中掺入的BA含量最高达到30％。通过ANOVA分析实验数据，以评估由于不同燃料引起的参数变化是否显着。结果表明，BA可以通过增加喷雾渗透长度和接触表面积来增强生物柴油的喷雾特性，从而改善空燃比。30％BA的最高缸内压力与纯柴油相当，并且高于纯生物柴油。对于10％BA，在2000 rpm的发动机转速下，制动功率（BP）略有提高，而对于任何BA-生物柴油混合物，SFC均未显着提高，因为BA的发热量较小。比较将BA添加到生物柴油中对排放的影响，增加BA的量可减少NO与纯生物柴油相比， _x和CO分别为7％和40％，但UHC增加。