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Editing the Epigenome: Reshaping the Genomic Landscape
Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics ( IF 8.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-08-31 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021632
Liad Holtzman 1 , Charles A. Gersbach 1, 2
Affiliation  

The eukaryotic epigenome has an instrumental role in determining and maintaining cell identity and function. Epigenetic components such as DNA methylation, histone tail modifications, chromatin accessibility, and DNA architecture are tightly correlated with central cellular processes, while their dysregulation manifests in aberrant gene expression and disease. The ability to specifically edit the epigenome holds the promise of enhancing understanding of how epigenetic modifications function and enabling manipulation of cell phenotype for research or therapeutic purposes. Genome engineering technologies use highly specific DNA-targeting tools to precisely deposit epigenetic changes in a locus-specific manner, creating diverse epigenome editing platforms. This review summarizes these technologies and insights from recent studies, describes the complex relationship between epigenetic components and gene regulation, and highlights caveats and promises of the emerging field of epigenome editing, including applications for translational purposes, such as epigenetic therapy and regenerative medicine.

中文翻译:


编辑表观基因组:重塑基因组景观

真核表观基因组在确定和维持细胞特性和功能中具有重要作用。表观遗传成分,例如DNA甲基化,组蛋白尾部修饰,染色质可及性和DNA结构与中央细胞过程紧密相关,而它们的失调则表现在异常的基因表达和疾病中。专门编辑表观基因组的能力有望增强对表观遗传修饰的功能的理解,并能够出于研究或治疗目的操纵细胞表型。基因组工程技术使用高度特异性的DNA靶向工具以特定位点的方式精确沉积表观遗传变化,从而创建了多种表观基因组编辑平台。这篇评论总结了这些技术和来自最近研究的见解,

更新日期:2018-08-31
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