Governance is one of the most important factors for ensuring effective environmental management and conservation actions. Yet, there is still a relative paucity of comprehensive and practicable guidance that can be used to frame the evaluation, design, and analysis of systems of environmental governance. This conceptual review and synthesis article seeks to addresses this problem through resituating the broad body of governance literature into a practical framework for environmental governance. Our framework builds on a rich history of governance scholarship to propose that environmental governance has four general aims or objectives – to be effective, to be equitable, to be responsive, and to be robust. Each of these four objectives need to be considered simultaneously across the institutional, structural, and procedural elements of environmental governance. Through a review of the literature, we developed a set of attributes for each of these objectives and relate these to the overall capacity, functioning, and performance of environmental governance. Our aim is to provide a practical and adaptable framework that can be applied to the design, evaluation, and analysis of environmental governance in different social and political contexts, to diverse environmental problems and modes of governance, and at a range of scales.

中文翻译：

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环境治理：指导设计，评估和分析的实用框架

治理是确保有效的环境管理和环境保护行动的最重要因素之一。但是，仍然缺乏相对全面和实用的指导，可用于构建环境治理体系的评估，设计和分析框架。这篇概念性的综述和综合文章旨在通过将广泛的治理文献改编为环境治理的实际框架来解决此问题。我们的框架建立在丰富的治理学术历史基础之上，提出环境治理具有四个总体目标或目标–有效，公平，响应和健壮。这四个目标中的每一个都需要在机构，结构，和环境治理的程序元素。通过回顾文献，我们为这些目标中的每一个开发了一套属性，并将它们与环境治理的整体能力，功能和绩效相关联。我们的目标是提供一个实用且适应性强的框架，该框架可用于在不同的社会和政治环境下设计，评估和分析环境治理，在各种规模上解决各种环境问题和治理模式。