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Fatty acids and oxidized lipoproteins contribute to autophagy and innate immunity responses upon the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium and development of age-related macular degeneration
Biochimie ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.010
Kai Kaarniranta , Ali Koskela , Szabolcs Felszeghy , Niko Kivinen , Antero Salminen , Anu Kauppinen

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage is a primary sign in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) the leading cause of blindness in western countries. RPE cells are exposed to chronic oxidative stress due to constant light exposure, active fatty acid metabolism and high oxygen consumption. RPE cells phagocytosize lipid rich photoreceptor outer segment (POS) which is regulated by circadian rhytmn. Docosahexaenoic acid is present in high quantity in POS and increases oxidative stress, while its metabolites have cytoprotective effects in RPE. During RPE aging, reactive oxygen species and oxidized lipoproteins are considered to be major causes of disturbed autophagy clearance that lead to chronic innate immunity response involved in NOD-Like, Toll-Like, Advanced Glycation End product Receptors (NLRP, TLR, RAGE, respectively), pentraxins and complement systems. We discuss role of fatty acids and lipoproteins in the degeneration of RPE and development of AMD.



中文翻译:

脂肪酸和氧化脂蛋白在视网膜色素上皮变性和与年龄有关的黄斑变性的发展中有助于自噬和先天免疫反应

视网膜色素上皮(RPE)损伤是与年龄有关的黄斑变性(AMD)发展的主要标志,而黄斑变性是西方国家失明的主要原因。由于持续不断的光照,活性脂肪酸代谢和高耗氧量,RPE细胞暴露于慢性氧化应激。RPE细胞吞噬富含脂质的感光细胞外节段(POS),该节段由昼夜节律调节。二十二碳六烯酸在POS中大量存在并增加氧化应激,而其代谢产物在RPE中具有细胞保护作用。在RPE老化过程中,活性氧和氧化的脂蛋白被认为是自噬清除受到干扰的主要原因,导致慢性先天免疫应答与NOD样,Toll样,高级糖化终产物受体(分别为NLRP,TLR和RAGE)有关),pentraxins和补体系统。我们讨论了脂肪酸和脂蛋白在RPE变性和AMD发育中的作用。

更新日期:2018-07-18
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