The marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra is a toxigenic species capable of forming high magnitude and occasionally harmful algal blooms (HABs), particularly in temperate coastal waters throughout the world. Three cultured isolates of L. polyedra from a fjord system on the Skagerrak coast of Sweden were analyzed for their growth characteristics and to determine the effects of a strong salinity gradient on toxin cell quotas and composition. The cell quota of yessotoxin (YTX) analogs, as determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), ranged widely among strains. For two strains, the total toxin content remained constant over time in culture, but for the third strain, the YTX cell quota significantly decreased (by 32%) during stationary growth phase. The toxin profiles of the three strains differed markedly and none produced YTX. The analog 41a-homo-YTX (m/z 1155), its putative methylated derivative 9-Me-41a-homo-YTX (m/z 1169) and an unspecified keto-YTX (m/z 1047) were detected in strain LP29-10H, whereas strain LP30-7B contained nor-YTX (m/z 1101), and two unspecified YTX analogs at m/z 1159 and m/z 1061. The toxin profile of strain LP30-8D comprised two unspecified YTX analogs at m/z 1061 and m/z 991 and carboxy-YTX (m/z 1173). Strain LP30-7B cultured at multiple salinities (10, 16, 22, 28 and 34) did not tolerate the lowest salinity (10), but there was a statistically significant decrease (by 21%) in toxin cell quota between growth at the highest versus lower permissible salinities. The toxin profile for strain LP30-7B remained constant over time for a given salinity. At lower salinities, however, the proportion of the unspecified YTX analog (m/z 1061) was significantly higher, especially with respect to nor-YTX (m/z 1101). This study shows high intra-specific variability in yessotoxin composition among strains from the same geographical region and inconsistency in toxin cell quota under different environmental regimes and growth stages in culture. This variation has important implications for the kinetics of YTX production and food web transfer in natural bloom populations from diverse geographical regions.

海洋鞭毛藻灵芝是一种能够形成高强度，有时有害的藻华（HAB）的产毒物种，特别是在世界各地的温带沿海水域。聚乳酸乳杆菌的三种培养分离株对来自瑞典Skagerrak海岸的峡湾系统的藻类进行了生长特性分析，并确定了强盐度梯度对毒素细胞配额和组成的影响。液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS / MS）测定的耶索毒素（YTX）类似物的细胞配额在菌株之间分布广泛。对于两种菌株，总毒素含量在培养中随时间保持恒定，但是对于第三种菌株，YTX细胞配额在稳定生长期显着降低（降低了32％）。这三种菌株的毒素谱差异显着，没有产生YTX。类似物41a-homo-YTX（m / z 1155），其推定的甲基化衍生物9-Me-41a-homo-YTX（m / z 1169）和未指定的keto-YTX（m / z在LP29-10H菌株中检测到1047），而LP30-7B菌株含有nor-YTX（m / z 1101），以及两个未指定的YTX类似物，分别位于m / z 1159和m / z1061。LP30-8D菌株的毒素谱由m / z 1061和m / z 991上的两个未指定的YTX类似物和羧基-YTX（m / z1173）。在多个盐度（10、16、22、28和34）下培养的菌株LP30-7B不能忍受最低盐度（10），但是最高生长之间的毒素细胞配额在统计学上有显着下降（降低21％）相对较低的允许盐度。对于给定的盐度，菌株LP30-7B的毒素谱随时间保持恒定。但是，在较低盐度下，未指定的YTX类似物（m / z 1061）的比例明显更高，尤其是相对于nor-YTX（m / z1101）。这项研究表明，在同一地理区域的菌株中，异毒素组成的种内变异性很高，并且在不同的环境制度和培养过程中，毒素细胞的定额不一致。这种变化对于来自不同地理区域的自然开花种群中YTX产生和食物网转移的动力学具有重要意义。