There has been great interest in researching and implementing effective technologies for the capture, processing, and display of 3D images. This broad interest is evidenced by widespread international research and activities on 3D technologies. There is a large number of journal and conference papers on 3D systems, as well as research and development efforts in government, industry, and academia on this topic for broad applications including entertainment, manufacturing, security and defense, and biomedical applications. Among these technologies, integral imaging is a promising approach for its ability to work with polychromatic scenes and under incoherent or ambient light for scenarios from macroscales to microscales. Integral imaging systems and their variations, also known as plenoptics or light-field systems, are applicable in many fields, and they have been reported in many applications, such as entertainment (TV, video, movies), industrial inspection, security and defense, and biomedical imaging and displays. This tutorial is addressed to the students and researchers in different disciplines who are interested to learn about integral imaging and light-field systems and who may or may not have a strong background in optics. Our aim is to provide the readers with a tutorial that teaches fundamental principles as well as more advanced concepts to understand, analyze, and implement integral imaging and light-field-type capture and display systems. The tutorial is organized to begin with reviewing the fundamentals of imaging, and then it progresses to more advanced topics in 3D imaging and displays. More specifically, this tutorial begins by covering the fundamentals of geometrical optics and wave optics tools for understanding and analyzing optical imaging systems. Then, we proceed to use these tools to describe integral imaging, light-field, or plenoptics systems, the methods for implementing the 3D capture procedures and monitors, their properties, resolution, field of view, performance, and metrics to assess them. We have illustrated with simple laboratory setups and experiments the principles of integral imaging capture and display systems. Also, we have discussed 3D biomedical applications, such as integral microscopy.

中文翻译：

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3D 成像和显示的基础知识：关于积分成像、光场和全光系统的教程

研究和实施用于捕获、处理和显示 3D 图像的有效技术引起了人们极大的兴趣。对 3D 技术的广泛国际研究和活动证明了这种广泛的兴趣。有大量关于 3D 系统的期刊和会议论文，以及政府、工业和学术界对此主题的研究和开发工作，包括娱乐、制造、安全和国防以及生物医学应用等广泛应用。在这些技术中，积分成像是一种很有前途的方法，因为它能够处理多色场景以及在非相干或环境光下从宏观尺度到微观尺度的场景。积分成像系统及其变体，也称为全光系统或光场系统，适用于许多领域，并且它们已在许多应用中得到报道，例如娱乐（电视、视频、电影）、工业检测、安全和国防以及生物医学成像和显示。本教程面向不同学科的学生和研究人员，他们有兴趣了解积分成像和光场系统，并且可能具有或没有强大的光学背景。我们的目标是为读者提供一个教程，该教程教授基本原理以及更高级的概念，以理解、分析和实现集成成像和光场型捕获和显示系统。本教程首先回顾成像的基础知识，然后逐步介绍 3D 成像和显示方面的更高级主题。进一步来说，本教程首先介绍用于理解和分析光学成像系统的几何光学和波动光学工具的基础知识。然后，我们继续使用这些工具来描述整体成像、光场或全光系统、实现 3D 捕获程序和监视器的方法、它们的属性、分辨率、视野、性能和评估它们的指标。我们通过简单的实验室设置和实验说明了集成成像捕获和显示系统的原理。此外，我们还讨论了 3D 生物医学应用，例如积分显微镜。实施 3D 捕获程序和监视器的方法、它们的属性、分辨率、视野、性能和评估它们的指标。我们通过简单的实验室设置和实验说明了集成成像捕获和显示系统的原理。此外，我们还讨论了 3D 生物医学应用，例如积分显微镜。实施 3D 捕获程序和监视器的方法、它们的属性、分辨率、视野、性能和评估它们的指标。我们通过简单的实验室设置和实验说明了集成成像捕获和显示系统的原理。此外，我们还讨论了 3D 生物医学应用，例如积分显微镜。