People involved with criminal justice frequently are exposed to violence and traumatic experiences. This may lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, no review, to our knowledge, has synthetized findings in this setting. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate prevalence rates of PTSD in prison populations. Original studies in which prevalence rates of PTSD in unselected samples of incarcerated people were reported were systematically searched between 1980 and June 2017. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, and sources of heterogeneity for prespecified characteristics were assessed by meta-regression. We identified 56 samples comprising 21,099 imprisoned men and women from 20 countries. Point prevalence of PTSD ranged from 0.1% to 27% for male, and from 12% to 38% for female prisoner populations. The random-effects pooled point prevalence was 6.2% (95% confidence interval: 3.9, 9.0) in male prisoners and 21.1% (95% confidence interval: 16.9, 25.6) in female prisoners. The heterogeneity between the included studies was very high. Higher prevalence was reported in samples of female prisoners, smaller studies (n < 100), and for investigations based in high-income countries. Existing evidence shows high levels of PTSD among imprisoned people, especially women. Psychosocial interventions to prevent violence, especially against children and women, and to mitigate its consequences in marginalized communities must be improved. Trauma-informed approaches for correctional programs and scalable PTSD treatments in prisons require further consideration.

中文翻译：

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囚犯创伤后应激障碍的患病率

参与刑事司法的人经常面临暴力和创伤经历。这可能导致创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）；然而，据我们所知，没有任何评论综合了这种情况下的发现。我们进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，以估计监狱人群中 PTSD 的患病率。在 1980 年至 2017 年 6 月期间，系统地搜索了报告未选择的被监禁者样本中 PTSD 患病率的原始研究。使用随机效应荟萃分析汇总数据，并通过荟萃回归评估预先指定特征的异质性来源。我们确定了 56 个样本，包括来自 20 个国家的 21,099 名被监禁的男女。男性囚犯的 PTSD 点流行率为 0.1% 至 27%，女性囚犯人口为 12% 至 38%。男性囚犯的随机效应汇总点流行率为 6.2%（95% 置信区间：3.9、9.0），女性囚犯为 21.1%（95% 置信区间：16.9、25.6）。纳入研究之间的异质性非常高。女性囚犯样本报告的患病率较高，较小的研究（n < 100)，以及基于高收入国家的调查。现有证据表明，被监禁的人，尤其是女性，创伤后应激障碍水平很高。必须改进预防暴力，尤其是针对儿童和妇女的暴力行为，并减轻其在边缘化社区的后果的社会心理干预措施。监狱中的惩教计划和可扩展的 PTSD 治疗的创伤知情方法需要进一步考虑。