Nanomaterials with low-dimensional morphology have been explored for enhancing the performance of strain sensors, but it remains difficult to achieve high stretchability and sensitivity simultaneously. In this work, a composite structure strain sensor based on nanomaterials and conductive liquid is designed, demonstrated, and engineered. The nanowire-microfluidic hybrid (NMH) strain sensor responds to multiscale strains from 4% to over 400%, with a high sensitivity and durability under small strain. Metal nanowires and carbon nanotubes are used to fabricate the NMH strain sensors, which simultaneously exhibit record-high average gauge factors and stretchability, far better than the conventional nanowire devices. Quantitative modeling of the electrical characteristics reveals that the effective conductivity percolation through the hybrid structures is the key to achieving high gauge factors for multiscale sensing. The sensors can operate at low voltages and are capable of responding to various mechanical deformations. When fixed on human skin, the sensors can monitor large-scale deformations (skeleton motion) and small-scale deformations (facial expressions and pulses). The sensors are also employed in multichannel, interactive electronic system for wireless control of robotics. Such demonstrations indicate the potential of the sensors as wearable detectors for human motion or as bionic ligaments in soft robotics.

已经探索了具有低维形态的纳米材料以增强应变传感器的性能，但是仍然难以同时实现高拉伸性和灵敏度。在这项工作中，设计，演示和设计了一种基于纳米材料和导电液体的复合结构应变传感器。纳米线-微流体混合（NMH）应变传感器可响应4％至400％以上的多尺度应变，并在小应变下具有高灵敏度和耐用性。金属纳米线和碳纳米管用于制造NMH应变传感器，该传感器同时具有创纪录的平均规格因子和可拉伸性，远优于传统的纳米线器件。电气特性的定量建模表明，通过混合结构的有效电导率渗透是实现多尺度传感的高规格因子的关键。传感器可以在低电压下运行，并且能够响应各种机械变形。当固定在人体皮肤上时，这些传感器可以监视大范围的变形（骨骼运动）和小范围的变形（面部表情和脉搏）。传感器还用于多通道交互式电子系统中，以对机器人进行无线控制。这样的演示表明了传感器作为人类运动的可穿戴检测器或软机器人中的仿生韧带的潜力。传感器可以在低电压下运行，并且能够响应各种机械变形。当固定在人体皮肤上时，这些传感器可以监视大范围的变形（骨骼运动）和小范围的变形（面部表情和脉搏）。传感器还用于多通道交互式电子系统中，以对机器人进行无线控制。这样的演示表明了传感器作为人类运动的可穿戴检测器或软机器人中的仿生韧带的潜力。传感器可以在低电压下运行，并且能够响应各种机械变形。当固定在人体皮肤上时，这些传感器可以监视大范围的变形（骨骼运动）和小范围的变形（面部表情和脉搏）。传感器还用于多通道交互式电子系统中，以对机器人进行无线控制。这样的演示表明了传感器作为人类运动的可穿戴检测器或软机器人中的仿生韧带的潜力。