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Dendritic Spine Elimination: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications.
The Neuroscientist ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-02 , DOI: 10.1177/1073858418769644
Ivar S Stein 1 , Karen Zito 1
Affiliation  

Dynamic modification of synaptic connectivity in response to sensory experience is a vital step in the refinement of brain circuits as they are established during development and modified during learning. In addition to the well-established role for new spine growth and stabilization in the experience-dependent plasticity of neural circuits, dendritic spine elimination has been linked to improvements in learning, and dysregulation of spine elimination has been associated with intellectual disability and behavioral impairment. Proper brain function requires a tightly regulated balance between spine formation and spine elimination. Although most studies have focused on the mechanisms of spine formation, considerable progress has been made recently in delineating the neural activity patterns and downstream molecular mechanisms that drive dendritic spine elimination. Here, we review the current state of knowledge concerning the signaling pathways that drive dendritic spine shrinkage and elimination in the cerebral cortex and we discuss their implication in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disease.

中文翻译:

消除树突棘:分子机制和意义。

响应于感觉体验,动态修改突触连接性是完善大脑回路的关键步骤,因为大脑回路在发育过程中会建立,在学习过程中会发生变化。除了新的脊柱生长和稳定在神经回路的经验依赖型可塑性中已确立的作用外,树突状脊柱的消除还与学习的改善联系在一起,脊柱消除的失调与智力残疾和行为障碍有关。正确的大脑功能需要严格调节脊柱形成和消除脊柱之间的平衡。尽管大多数研究都集中在脊柱形成的机制上,最近在描述驱动树突棘消除的神经活动模式和下游分子机制方面取得了相当大的进展。在这里,我们审查有关驱动树突棘收缩和消除大脑皮层的信号通路的当前知识状态,并讨论它们在神经精神病学和神经退行性疾病中的意义。
更新日期:2018-05-02
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