Over many years, extensive efforts have focused on the development and improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to reduce stroke-associated neurovascular damage, such as blood-brain barrier dysfunction, brain edema, parenchymal inflammation, and neural cell death. However, the only clinically applied pharmacological therapy to date for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke is thrombolysis. Because of the short therapeutic window of current thrombolytic therapy and the activation of various pathophysiological signaling cascades triggered after ischemic stroke, the development of new therapies is urgently required. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are defined as untranslated regulatory RNA molecules. Although ncRNAs with biological roles have been known for almost 60 years, they have within the past decade emerged as key mediators of posttranscriptional gene expression/function in pathological aspects of ischemic stroke. With properties of relative stability, specificity, and reproducibility, ncRNAs are considered to be promising as biomarkers and better candidates than proteins and genes for early recognition of the onset of disease. In this update, we summarized the current knowledge for three groups of ncRNAs in stroke, focusing on the role of long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs as biomarkers for stroke and as targets for regulating large sets of genes in related pathways after ischemic stroke.

多年来，人们广泛致力于开发和改进诊断和治疗策略，以减少中风相关的神经血管损伤，例如血脑屏障功能障碍、脑水肿、实质炎症和神经细胞死亡。然而，迄今为止临床上唯一应用的治疗急性缺血性中风的药物疗法是溶栓。由于目前溶栓治疗的治疗窗较短以及缺血性中风后触发的各种病理生理信号级联的激活，迫切需要开发新的疗法。非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 被定义为非翻译的调节 RNA 分子。尽管 ncRNA 的生物学作用已为人所知近 60 年，但在过去十年中，它们已成为缺血性中风病理方面转录后基因表达/功能的关键介质。ncRNA 具有相对稳定性、特异性和可重复性等特性，被认为有望作为生物标志物，并且是比蛋白质和基因更好的候选者，用于早期识别疾病的发作。在本次更新中，我们总结了三组 ncRNA 在中风中的最新知识，重点关注长非编码 RNA 和环状 RNA 作为中风生物标志物以及作为调节缺血性中风后相关通路中大量基因的靶标的作用。