Gene flow between crops and their weedy or wild relatives can be problematic in modern agricultural systems, especially if it endows novel adaptive genes that confer tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Alternatively, gene flow from weedy relatives to domesticated crops may facilitate ferality through introgression of weedy characteristics in the progeny. Cultivated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), is particularly vulnerable to the risks associated with gene flow to several weedy relatives, johnsongrass (S. halepense), shattercane (S. bicolor ssp. drummondii) and columbusgrass (S. almum). Johnsongrass and shattercane are common weeds in many sorghum production areas around the world. Sorghum varieties with adaptive traits developed through conventional breeding or novel transgenesis pose agronomic and ecological risks if transferred into weedy/wild relatives. Knowledge of the nature and characteristics of gene flow among different sorghum species is scarce, and existing knowledge is scattered. Here, we review current knowledge of gene flow between cultivated sorghum and its weedy and wild relatives. We further discuss potential avenues for addressing gene flow through genetic, molecular, and field level containment, mitigation and management strategies to facilitate successful deployment of novel traits in this economically important crop species.

中文翻译：

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高粱属植物中的基因流及其后果。

作物及其杂草或野生近缘种之间的基因流在现代农业系统中可能会出现问题，特别是如果它赋予赋予非生物和生物胁迫耐受性的新型适应性基因时。或者，从杂草近缘种向驯养作物的基因流可通过子代中杂草特性的渗入促进繁殖。栽培的高粱（二色高粱），到伴随着风险基因流动到几个杂草亲属，约翰逊（相关联是特别脆弱S.石茅），shattercane（S.双色SSP 。drummondii）和columbusgrass（S. almum）。约翰逊草和碎甘蔗是世界上许多高粱产区的常见杂草。通过传统育种或新的转基因技术开发的具有适应性状的高粱品种，如果转移到杂草/野生近缘种中，会带来农艺和生态风险。对不同高粱种间基因流动的性质和特征的了解很少，现有的知识也很分散。在这里，我们回顾了目前有关栽培高粱与其杂草和野生近缘种之间基因流动的知识。我们进一步讨论了通过遗传，分子和田间水平的遏制，缓解和管理策略来解决基因流动的潜在途径，以促进这一重要经济作物物种中新特性的成功部署。