This document provides recommendations for monitoring and treatment of children in whom bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has been established and who have been discharged from the hospital, or who were >36 weeks of postmenstrual age. The guideline was based on predefined Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes (PICO) questions relevant for clinical care, a systematic review of the literature and assessment of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. After considering the balance of desirable (benefits) and undesirable (burden, adverse effects) consequences of the intervention, the certainty of the evidence, and values, the task force made conditional recommendations for monitoring and treatment of BPD based on very low to low quality of evidence. We suggest monitoring with lung imaging using ionising radiation in a subgroup only, for example severe BPD or recurrent hospitalisations, and monitoring with lung function in all children. We suggest to give individual advice to parents regarding daycare attendance. With regards to treatment, we suggest the use of bronchodilators in a subgroup only, for example asthma-like symptoms, or reversibility in lung function; no treatment with inhaled or systemic corticosteroids; natural weaning of diuretics by the relative decrease in dose with increasing weight gain if diuretics are started in the neonatal period; and treatment with supplemental oxygen with a saturation target range of 90–95%. A multidisciplinary approach for children with established severe BPD after the neonatal period into adulthood is preferable. These recommendations should be considered until new and urgently needed evidence becomes available. This guideline provides recommendations on monitoring and treatment of children with established bronchopulmonary dyplasia older than 36 weeks postmenstrual age or after discharge from the hospital, based on PICO questions relevant for clinical care http://bit.ly/2m9CfKt

中文翻译：

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欧洲呼吸学会关于支气管肺发育不良儿童长期管理的指南

本文件为监测和治疗已确诊支气管肺发育不良 (BPD) 且已出院或月经后年龄 > 36 周的儿童提供了建议。该指南基于预先定义的与临床护理相关的人群、干预、比较和结果 (PICO) 问题、文献的系统回顾和使用建议分级、评估、发展和评估 (GRADE) 方法的证据评估。在考虑了干预的理想（益处）和不良（负担、不利影响）后果、证据的确定性和价值之间的平衡后，工作组根据极低到低质量提出了有条件的 BPD 监测和治疗建议的证据。我们建议仅在一个亚组中使用电离辐射进行肺部成像监测，例如严重的 BPD 或反复住院，并对所有儿童进行肺功能监测。我们建议就日托出勤向家长提供个别建议。关于治疗，我们建议仅在一个亚组中使用支气管扩张剂，例如哮喘样症状或肺功能可逆性；不接受吸入或全身性皮质类固醇治疗；如果在新生儿期开始使用利尿剂，则通过随着体重增加而相对减少剂量来自然停用利尿剂；和补充氧气治疗，饱和度目标范围为 90-95%。对于从新生儿期到成年期已确定的严重 BPD 的儿童，最好采用多学科方法。在获得新的和迫切需要的证据之前，应考虑这些建议。本指南基于与临床护理相关的 PICO 问题，为监测和治疗经后 36 周或出院后确诊的支气管肺发育不良儿童提供建议 http://bit.ly/2m9CfKt