Background

Toscana virus is an arbovirus transmitted by sand flies within the Mediterranean area where it can cause febrile illness and neuroinvasive infections during the seasonal circulation period of the vector. Although it is an important cause of meningitis and encephalitis, it remains a neglected virus with limited published data, as demonstrated by <250 peer-reviewed articles since the 1970s.

Objective

The last review article on Toscana virus was published in 2012. The aim was to compile peer-reviewed articles to provide an updated review highlighting recent findings to complement previous review articles.

Sources

PubMed database was searched using the ‘Toscana virus’ keyword from 2010 to present. A total of 152 articles were retrieved and identified studies were assessed for novel information on virus genetics, and geographic and medical aspects compared with existing knowledge reported in previous review articles.

Content

Studies addressing medical, veterinary and entomological aspects have provided evidence that Toscana virus is present in North Africa, in the Balkan Peninsula, and in most of the Mediterranean islands. Besides the two previously recognized genetic lineages, a novel evolutionary lineage has been identified in the Balkan Peninsula. Co-circulation of two genetic lineages has been demonstrated in France, in Turkey and in Croatia. In addition to meningitis and meningo-encephalitis, which have been reported for 40 years, various neuroinvasive forms have been recently reported such as Guillain–Barré syndrome, hydrocephalus, myositis, fasciitis, polymyeloradiculopathy, deafness and facial paralysis.

Implication

Because it is endemic in countries bordering the Mediterranean, physicians should include Toscana virus in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with febrile illness and/or neurological manifestations.

中文翻译：

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有关托斯卡纳病毒分布，遗传学，医学和诊断方面的最新信息。

背景

托斯卡纳病毒是在地中海地区由沙蝇传播的虫媒病毒，在媒介的季节性传播期间，它可能引起发热性疾病和神经侵袭性感染。尽管它是引起脑膜炎和脑炎的重要原因，但它仍然是被忽略的病毒，其发表的数据有限，自1970年代以来经同行审查的文章少于250篇。

目的

关于托斯卡纳病毒的最后一篇评论文章发表于2012年。其目的是汇编经过同行评审的文章，以提供更新的评论，突出强调最近的发现以补充以前的评论文章。

资料来源

从2010年至今，使用“ Toscana病毒”关键字搜索PubMed数据库。共检索到152篇文章，并与以前的评论文章中报道的现有知识相比，对已鉴定的研究进行了评估，以了解有关病毒遗传学以及地理和医学方面的新信息。

内容

针对医学，兽医和昆虫学方面的研究提供了证据，证明托斯卡纳病毒存在于北非，巴尔干半岛和大多数地中海岛屿中。除了两个先前公认的遗传谱系外，巴尔干半岛还发现了一种新的进化谱系。在法国，土耳其和克罗地亚已经证明了两种遗传谱系的共同传播。除了已经报道了40年的脑膜炎和脑膜脑炎外，最近还报道了多种神经侵袭性形式，例如格林-巴雷综合征，脑积水，肌炎，筋膜炎，多发性骨髓神经病，耳聋和面部瘫痪。

意义

由于它是地中海沿岸国家的地方病，因此医师应在对发热性疾病和/或神经系统疾病患者的鉴别诊断中包括托斯卡纳病毒。