Abstract A review of the main pesticides employed in agriculture found that the pesticide groups present in the highest amounts are herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. For this reason, their occurrence in surface waters around the world, as well as their adverse effects on non-target organisms were reviewed for the period 2012–2019. Among the most common vegetal herbicides is atrazine, followed by metalochlor, both of which are widely-used on soybean and corn crops. Insecticides are used to control insects by agonizing them. Although they present low toxicity for mammals, they are toxic to ecosystems and impact the environment when present. Fungicides are employed to prevent fungal infections by damaging the cellular membrane, causing damage to non-target organisms, tebuconazole and carbendazim were the most frequent fungicides identified in surface waters throughout the world. Once pesticides reach water bodies, they can impact the whole ecological food chain, since other animals, including humans, feed on aquatic animals that may be contaminated. Another concern is the mixing of pesticides, in which case the mixture may be more toxic than any one single compound. Because mixtures of pesticides are commonly found in surface water, the need for suitable water treatment is crucial.

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地表水中农药的发生、影响和一般方面：综述

摘要 对农业中使用的主要农药的回顾发现，含量最高的农药组是除草剂、杀菌剂和杀虫剂。因此，在 2012-2019 年期间审查了它们在世界各地地表水中的发生情况以及它们对非目标生物的不利影响。最常见的植物性除草剂是莠去津，其次是金属氯，两者都广泛用于大豆和玉米作物。杀虫剂用于通过使昆虫痛苦来控制它们。尽管它们对哺乳动物的毒性较低，但它们对生态系统有毒，并且在存在时会影响环境。杀菌剂通过破坏细胞膜，对非目标生物造成损害来防止真菌感染，戊唑醇和多菌灵是全世界地表水中最常见的杀菌剂。一旦农药到达水体，它们就会影响整个生态食物链，因为包括人类在内的其他动物以可能受到污染的水生动物为食。另一个问题是农药的混合，在这种情况下，混合物的毒性可能比任何一种化合物都大。由于农药混合物常见于地表水中，因此对水进行适当的处​​理至关重要。